Professor Mark Harrison: List of publications

Showing 1 to 67 of 67 publications
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Governing the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Introduction to Special Issue.

2020
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Journal article
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Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest public health crises of our time. The natural biological process that causes microbes to become resistant to antimicrobial drugs presents a complex social challenge requiring more effective and sustainable management of the global antimicrobial commons-the common pool of effective antimicrobials. This special issue of Health Care Analysis explores the potential of two legal approaches-one long-term and one short-term-for managing the antimicrobial commons. The first article explores the lessons for antimicrobial resistance that can be learned from recent climate change agreements, and the second article explores how existing international laws can be adapted to better support global action in the short-term.

Making Use of Existing International Legal Mechanisms to Manage the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Identifying Legal Hooks and Institutional Mandates.

2020
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Journal article
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Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent threat to global public health and development. Mitigating this threat requires substantial short-term action on key AMR priorities. While international legal agreements are the strongest mechanism for ensuring collaboration among countries, negotiating new international agreements can be a slow process. In the second article in this special issue, we consider whether harnessing existing international legal agreements offers an opportunity to increase collective action on AMR goals in the short-term. We highlight ten AMR priorities and several strategies for achieving these goals using existing "legal hooks" that draw on elements of international environmental, trade and health laws governing related matters that could be used as they exist or revised to include AMR. We also consider the institutional mandates of international authorities to highlight areas where additional steps could be taken on AMR without constitutional changes. Overall, we identify 37 possible mechanisms to strengthen AMR governance using the International Health Regulations, the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, the International Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, and the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm conventions. Although we identify many shorter-term opportunities for addressing AMR using existing legal hooks, none of these options are capable of comprehensively addressing all global governance challenges related to AMR, such that they should be pursued simultaneously with longer-term approaches including a dedicated international legal agreement on AMR.

Exploring Models for an International Legal Agreement on the Global Antimicrobial Commons: Lessons from Climate Agreements

2020
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Journal article
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Health Care Analysis

A roadmap for sustainably governing the global antimicrobial commons.

2019
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Journal article
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Lancet (London, England)
Humans, Anti-Infective Agents, Infection Control, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Global Health, Drug Misuse

NUDGING IMMUNITY: THE CASE FOR OPT OUT VACCINATION OF CHILDREN IN SCHOOL AND DAY CARE

2019
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Journal article
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HEC Forum

Nudging Immunity: The Case for Vaccinating Children in School and Day Care by Default.

2019
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Journal article
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HEC Forum
Many parents are hesitant about, or face motivational barriers to, vaccinating their children. In this paper, we propose a type of vaccination policy that could be implemented either in addition to coercive vaccination or as an alternative to it in order to increase paediatric vaccination uptake in a non-coercive way. We propose the use of vaccination nudges that exploit the very same decision biases that often undermine vaccination uptake. In particular, we propose a policy under which children would be vaccinated at school or day-care by default, without requiring parental authorization, but with parents retaining the right to opt their children out of vaccination. We show that such a policy is (1) likely to be effective, at least in cases in which non-vaccination is due to practical obstacles, rather than to strong beliefs about vaccines, (2) ethically acceptable and less controversial than some alternatives because it is not coercive and affects individual autonomy only in a morally unproblematic way, and (3) likely to receive support from the UK public, on the basis of original empirical research we have conducted on the lay public.
Anti-vaxxers, Nudging, School vaccination, Vaccination, Vaccination policies

A Dreadful Scourge: Cholera in Nineteenth Century India

2019
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Journal article
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Modern Asian Studies
In 1817-21, the Indian subcontinent was ravaged by a series of epidemics which marked the beginning of what has since become known as the First Cholera Pandemic. Despite their far-reaching consequences, these epidemics have received remarkably little attention and have never been considered as historical subjects in their own right. This article examines the epidemics of 1817-21 in greater detail and assesses their significance for the social and political history of the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, it examines the meanings that were attached to the epidemics in the years running up to the first appearance of cholera in the West. In so doing, the article makes comparisons between responses to cholera in India and in other contexts, and tests the applicability of concepts used in the study of epidemics in the West. It is argued that the official reaction to cholera in India was initially ameliorative, in keeping with the East India Company’s response to famines and other supposedly natural disasters. However, this view was gradually supplemented and replaced by a view of cholera as a social disease, requiring preventative action. These views were initially rejected in Britain but found favour after epidemics of cholera in 1831-2. Secondly, in contrast to later epidemics, it is argued that those of 1817-21 did little to exacerbate tensions between rulers and ruled. On the rare occasions when cholera elicited a violent reaction, it tended to be intra-communal rather than anti-colonial in nature.

Health, sovereignty and imperialism: The Royal Navy and infectious disease in Japan's treaty ports

2018
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Journal article
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Social Science Diliman

War, epidemics and empire: British military government in the Middle East, 1914-18

2018
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Journal article
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Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

Society, Medicine and Politics in Colonial India

2018
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Book
This book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of modern South Asian history, sociology, politics and anthropology as well as specialists in the history of medicine.
Social Science

The Great Shift: Cholera Theory and Sanitary Policy in British India, 1867-1879

2018
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Chapter
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Society, Medicine and Politics in Colonial India

War on Two Fronts: The Fight Against Parasites in Korea and Vietnam

2017
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Journal article
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Medical History

Pandemics

2017
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Chapter
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The Routledge History of Disease

A Global Perspective: Refeaming the History of Health, Medicine, and Disease

2015
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Journal article
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Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Disease and world history from 1750

2015
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Chapter
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The Cambridge World History

Scurvy on sea and land: political economy and natural history,c. 1780–c. 1850

2013
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Journal article
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Journal for Maritime Research

Networks of Knowledge: Science and Medicine in Early Colonial India, c.1750–1820

2012
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Chapter
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India and the British Empire
This chapter explores some of the less familiar aspects of science, medicine, and empire in early colonial India, examining some of the many informal networks which overlapped with those created by the East India Company and key metropolitan institutions like the Royal Society. It looks both at knowledge gathering within British India and at the circulation of ideas between India, Britain, and other countries. Among other things, it considers the great variety of projects in which medical practitioners and natural philosophers participated, as well as their various interests and motives. The chapter attempts to show that men of science made use of their time in India to pursue a variety of intellectual agendas, some of which were surprisingly radical in nature.

Contagion: How Commerce Has Spread Disease

2012
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Book
Much as we take comfort in the belief that modern medicine and public health tactics can protect us from horrifying contagious diseases, such faith is dangerously unfounded. So demonstrates Mark Harrison in this pathbreaking investigation of the intimate connections between trade and disease throughout modern history. For centuries commerce has been the single most important factor in spreading diseases to different parts of the world, the author shows, and today the same is true. But in today's global world, commodities and germs are circulating with unprecedented speed. Beginning with the plagues that ravaged Eurasia in the fourteenth century, Harrison charts both the passage of disease and the desperate measures to prevent it. He examines the emergence of public health in the Western world, its subsequent development elsewhere, and a recurring pattern of misappropriation of quarantines, embargoes, and other sanitary measures for political or economic gain-even for use as weapons of war. In concluding chapters the author exposes the weaknesses of today's public health regulations-a set of rules that not only disrupt the global economy but also fail to protect the public from the afflictions of trade-borne disease.

Networks of Knowledge: Science and Medicine in Early Colonial India

2012
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Chapter
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The Oxford Companion to the History of the British Empire: India

The Army Medical Department, 1917-1941

2011
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Journal article
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WAR IN HISTORY

The Medical War: British Military Medicine in the First World War

2010
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Book
During the First World War, Great Britain invested a great deal in its medical services, and in most theatres of the war they were considered vital to military efficiency. It was at that point widely recognized that medicine improved manpower economy and morale. Medicine was also important in sustaining public support for war and civilians contributed to the medical welfare of soldiers either directly, as volunteers, or indirectly as donors. Medical themes figured prominently in propaganda, too, and in uniting Britain with its imperial territories. But the centrality of medicine to war in 1914–18 stands in marked contrast to previous campaigns. The recent war in South Africa revealed that medicine had been given little attention by military commanders, and that disease prevention and casualty disposal were poorly organized. This book examines the differences and similarities between medical arrangements in 1914–18 and earlier conflicts. It attempts to explain why medicine became central to military operations during the First World War and to account for variations in medical arrangements in different theatres of the war. The book also examines military medicine in all major theatres as well as neglected facets of wartime medicine such as work among civilians, imperial armies, and the imperial labour corps.
History

Medicine in an age of commerce and empire

2010
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Chapter
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Medicine in an age of commerce and empire
History

Medicine in an Age of Commerce and Empire

2010
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Book
This book examines the consequences of commercial and imperial expansion for British medicine between roughly 1660 and 1830. It pays particular attention to the development of medical ideas and practices in India and the British West Indies and their impact on medicine at home. The book argues that the tropical colonies were important sites of innovation and that the experience gained by practitioners working there transformed medical practice in ways which have not been fully appreciated. India, the West Indies, and other overseas outposts offered tremendous scope for those seeking to understand the nature of disease and to observe its effects in living patients and post‐mortem. Colonial hospitals also afforded many opportunities for trials of new drugs: not only new botanical remedies but also chemical therapies, some of which were pioneered in the colonies. It is argued that these opportunities bolstered a growing movement for reform in British medicine, with particular emphasis upon the importance of empiricism, experiment, and morbid anatomy. The book also ponders the relationship between reform in the medical arena and the politics of Dissent, as well as the impact of colonialism and commerce upon the professional environment in Britain. It shows how former colonial practitioners became increasingly influential in British medicine, tapping into fears about invasion by alien diseases, degeneration, and social change.
History

Before my helpless sight: suffering, dying and military medicine on the western front, 1914-1918

2010
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Journal article
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MEDICAL HISTORY

The Calcutta Botanic Garden in the Era of Nathaniel Wallich

2010
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Chapter
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Science and Modern India: An Institutional History, c.1784-1947

An "Important and Truly National Subject": The West Africa Service and the Health of the Royal Navy in the Mid Nineteenth Century

2009
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Chapter
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Health and medicine at sea, 1700-1900
History

Advancing with the Army: Medicine, the Professions, and Social Mobility in the British Isles 1790-1850

2009
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Journal article
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SCOTTISH HISTORICAL REVIEW

Racial Pathologies: Morbid Anatomy in British India, 1770-1850

2009
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Chapter
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The social history of health and medicine in colonial India
This book analyzes the diverse facets of the social history of health and medicine in colonial India.
History

Social History of Health and Medicine: Colonial India

2009
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Chapter
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The social history of health and medicine in colonial India
This book analyzes the diverse facets of the social history of health and medicine in colonial India.
History

An "Important and Truly National Subject": The West Africa Service and the Health of the Royal Navy in the Mid Nineteenth Century

2009
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Chapter
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Health and Medicine at Sea, 1700-1900
Examines a wide range of aspects of health and medicine in maritime and imperial settings during the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
History

Curing the Colonizers: Hydrotherapy, Climatology, and French Colonial Spas.

2009
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Journal article
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HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES

Dominance by Design: Technological Imperatives and America's Civilizing Mission.

2009
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Journal article
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HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES

Introduction

2009
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Chapter
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From western medicine to global medicine
Hospitals

Leprosy and Empire: A Medical and Cultural History.

2009
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Journal article
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HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES

Maritime Quarantine: The British Experience, c. 1650-1990.

2009
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Journal article
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BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Practising Colonial Medicine: The Colonial Medical Service in British East Africa.

2009
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Journal article
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HISTORICAL STUDIES IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES

Social History of Science in Colonial India. Themes in Indian History

2009
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Journal article
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JOURNAL OF SOCIAL HISTORY

The development of modern medicine in non-western countries

2008
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Chapter
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The development of modern medicine in non-western countries
Royalasiatic Society Books
Medical

Disease and demography in colonial Burma

2007
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Journal article
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SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Science across the European empires, 1800-1950.

2007
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Journal article
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ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW

Disease, Diplomacy and International Commerce: the Origins of International Sanitary Regulation in the Nineteenth Century

2006
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Journal article
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Journal of Global History
During the early nineteenth century, European nations began to contemplate cooperation in sanitary matters, starting a diplomatic process that culminated in the International Sanitary Conferences and the first laws on the control of infectious disease. This article examines the origins of these conferences and highlights certain features that have been neglected in existing scholarship. It argues that while commercial pressures were the main stimuli to the reform of quarantine, these were insufficient in themselves to explain why most European nations came to see greater cooperation as desirable. It places special emphasis on the diplomatic context and shows that the peace of 1815 produced a climate in which many European nations envisaged a more systematic and liberal sanitary regime. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2006.

Disease and democracy: The industrialized world faces AIDS.

2006
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Journal article
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INTERNATIONAL HISTORY REVIEW

Fever of war: The influenza epidernic in the US army during World War I.

2006
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Journal article
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WAR IN HISTORY

War epidemics: an historical geography of infectious diseases in military conflict and civil strife, 1820-2000

2006
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Journal article
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MEDICAL HISTORY

Maladies, preventives and curatives: Debates in public health in India

2006
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Journal article
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SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Bullets and bacilli: the Spanish-American war and military medicine

2005
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Journal article
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MEDICAL HISTORY

Science and the British Empire.

2005
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Journal article
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Isis
The last few decades have witnessed a flowering of interest in the history of science in the British Empire. This essay aims to provide an overview of some of the most important work in this area, identifying interpretative shifts and emerging themes. In so doing, it raises some questions about the analytical framework in which colonial science has traditionally been viewed, highlighting interactions with indigenous scientific traditions and the use of network-based models to understand scientific relations within and beyond colonial contexts.
Colonialism, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, Humans, Science, United Kingdom

Fractured States: Smallpox, Public Health and Vaccination Policy in British India 1800-1947

2005
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Book
This work provides a well rounded history of official smallpox measures and their links with the development of public health in policies and programmes in Brititsh India.
Health & Fitness

Medicine and Victory: British Military Medicine in the Second World War

2004
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Book
Medicine and Victory is the first comprehensive account of British military medicine in the Second World War since the publication of the official history in the early 1950s. Drawing on a wide range of official and non-official sources, the book examines medical work in all the main theatres of the war, from the front line to the base hospital. All aspects of medical work are covered, including the prevention of disease, and the disposal and treatment of casualties. Harrison argues that the medical services played a major role in the Allied victory enabling the British Army to keep a higher proportion of troops in the field than its opponents. Assuming no previous knowledge of either medical or military history, Medicine and Victory provides an accessible introduction to a vitally important, yet too often neglected aspect of the Second World War.
History

Florence Nightingale and the health of the Raj

2004
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Journal article
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JOURNAL OF IMPERIAL AND COMMONWEALTH HISTORY

The Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918-19

2004
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Journal article
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SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Prostitution, race, and politics: Policing venereal disease in the British empire.

2004
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Journal article
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AMERICAN HISTORICAL REVIEW

The Regius Chair of Military Surgery in the University of Edinburgh

2004
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Journal article
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SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Disease and the Modern World: 1500 to the Present Day

2004
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Book
The book is a significant introduction to a fascinating subject.’ Gerald N. Grob, Rutgers State University In this lively and accessible book, Mark Harrison charts the history of disease from the birth of the modern world around 1500 ...
History

Anglo-European science and the rhetoric of empire: Malaria, opium, and British rule in India, 1756-1895.

2004
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Journal article
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BULLETIN OF THE HISTORY OF MEDICINE

The New Cambridge history of India: Science, technology and medicine in colonial India

2001
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Journal article
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SOCIAL HISTORY OF MEDICINE

Another Reason: Science and the imagination of modern India

2001
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Journal article
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ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW

Health, Medicine and Empire: Perspectives on Colonial India

2001
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Book
In Culture, Ideology, Hegemony: Intellectuals and Social Consciousness in Colonial India, K. N. Panikkar, 145-75. New Delhi: Tulika ... Medicine, and Empire: Perspectives on Western Medicine and the Experience of European Expansion, ed.
Medical

Imperialism: Critical Concepts in Historical Studies

2001
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Book
Imperialism, and its close ally, colonialism, are two such contested concepts. This set will give readers an insight in to the main lines of debate about the meanings of imperialism and colonialism over the last two centuries.
Imperialism

Differences of degree: representations of India in British medical topography, 1820-c. 1870.

2000
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Journal article
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Med Hist Suppl
History, 19th Century, Humans, India, Topography, Medical, United Kingdom

Differences of degree: Representations of India in British medical topography, 1820-c.1870

2000
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Journal article
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MEDICAL HISTORY

War and Medicine in the Modern Era

1999
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Book
History

Climates & Constitutions: Health, Race, Environment and British Imperialism in India, 1600-1850

1999
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Book
The first major study of European attitudes towards India's climate and their bearing on imperial expansion, this book shows how growing fears about racial degeneration led to the abandonment of plans for white colonization.
Science

Medicine and Modern Warfare

1999
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Book
The essays in this volume focus on one important aspect of that relationship: the practice and development of medicine within the armed forces from the late nineteenth century through to the end of the Second World War.
Medical

Medicine and the Management of Modern Warfare

1996
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Journal article
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History of Science: review of literature and research

The British Army and the Problem of Venereal Disease in France and Egypt During the First World War

1995
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Journal article
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Medical History

Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine 1859-1914

1994
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Book
After years of neglect the last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the medical history of India under colonial rule. This is the first major study of public health in British India.
Medical