Professor Joanna Innes: List of publications

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The Future of British Political History: Concluding Remarks

April 2023
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Journal article
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The Political Quarterly
4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society

Re-imagining Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean 1780-1870

January 2023
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Book
Re-imagining Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean, 1780-1870 examines the ways in which the ancient concept of “democracy” was re-imagined as relevant to the modern world in Latin America and the Caribbean between the later eighteenth and later nineteenth centuries. In most regions this process largely followed the French Revolution, while in Latin America it more closely followed independence movements of the 1810s and 20s. A sequel to two previous volumes edited by Joanna Innes and Mark Philp, Re-imagining Democracy in the Age of Revolutions: America, France, Britain, Ireland 1750-1850 and Re-imagining Democracy in the Mediterranean 1770-1860, this volume studies how a variety of political actors and commentators used “democracy” to characterize or debate modern conditions through the ensuing half-century. By 1870, it was firmly established in mainstream political lexicons throughout the region. Here, specialists in the field contribute wide-ranging accounts of aspects of the context in which the word was re-imagined, highlighting state formation, race, constitutionalism, urban political culture, education, and outside views of the region - the six concluding chapters explore differences in its fortune from location to location. Ultimately, this edited volume deftly explores the history of the language of democracy and encourages new debates about its meaning.

Introduction. Settlement and Belonging in Europe, 1500–1930s: Structures, Negotiations and Experiences

December 2022
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Chapter
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Migration, Settlement and Belonging in Europe, 1500–1930s

Life after Venice

June 2022
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Journal article
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The Historical Journal
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

Le moment Beccaria: Naissance du droit penal moderne (1764–1810), ed. Philippe Audegean and Luigi Delia

July 2020
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Journal article
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The English Historical Review
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

Epilogue 1: Early Modern Ottomans

January 2020
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Journal article
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Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association

Writing the Lives of the English Poor, 1750s-1830s

January 2020
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Journal article
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RURAL HISTORY-ECONOMY SOCIETY CULTURE

Polite and Commercial’s Twin: Public Life and the Propertied Englishman 1689-1789

January 2019
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Chapter
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Revisiting The Polite and Commercial People Essays in Georgian Politics, Society, and Culture in Honour of Professor Paul Langford
This collection of essays combines reflection on the impact of Paul's work with further engagement with the central questions he posed.
History

Re-imagining democracy in the mediterranean, 1780-1860

November 2018
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Edited book
© Oxford University Press 2018. Mediterranean states are often thought to have ‘democratized’ only in the post-war era, as authoritarian regimes were successively overthrown. On its eastern and southern shores, the process is still contested. This book looks back to an earlier era, the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, when talk about establishing some modern version of ‘democracy’ in the region first began. By the 1860s, representative regimes had been established throughout southern Europe, and representation was also the subject of experiment and debate in Ottoman territories. Talk about democracy, its merits and limitations, accompanied much of this experimentation-though there was no agreement as to whether or how it could be given stable political form. This book assembles experts in the history of the region, who have been exploring these themes collaboratively, to compare and contrast Mediterranean experiences, so that they can be set alongside better-known debates and experiments in North Atlantic states. States in the region all experienced subordination to northern ‘great powers’. In this context, their inhabitants had to grapple with broader changes in ideas about state and society while struggling to maintain meaningful self-rule at the level of the polity, and self-respect at the level of culture. The book aims to bring to an English-reading public fresh information and ideas about a region whose experiences during the ‘age of revolutions’ are at best patchily known and understood, as well as to expand understanding of the complex and variegated history of democracy as idea and practice.

Democracy from book to life: the emergence of the term in active political debate, to 1848

June 2018
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Chapter
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Democracy in Modern Europe: A Conceptual History

Christopher Ferguson. An Artisan Intellectual: James Carter and the Rise of Modern Britain, 1792–1853.

April 2018
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Journal article
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The American Historical Review
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

Popular consent and the european order

January 2018
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Chapter
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Re-Imagining Democracy in the Mediterranean, 1780-1860
New ideas about how people should relate to power played out in relations between as well as within states. The French revolution promoted rights of self-determination, and devices (later termed plebiscites) for legitimating both new regimes and transfers of territories. Napoleon further instrumentalized, then abandoned, such practices. His enemies criticized his pursuit of ‘conquest’-but thereby raised questions about their own habits. After the wars, fuzzier notions of consent featured in discourses around ‘legitimacy’. Revolutions, which continued to be employed to constitute would-be-lawful regimes, tested prevailing ideas. In the Ottoman world, instruments that could be conceptualized as constitutions played a part in negotiations around overlordship. From the 1850s, plebiscites came back into use, alongside other means of registering consent to boundary change. Increasing involvement of European powers in attempts to resolve conflicts within Ottoman domains (thus Mount Lebanon, Crete) encouraged cross-fertilization between what were in some ways already convergent practices.

Re-imagining the social order

January 2018
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Chapter
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Re-Imagining Democracy in the Mediterranean, 1780-1860
The late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries saw attempts around the Mediterranean world to replace an old order of privilege and delegated power with one in which all subjects were equal before the state. Across southern Europe, revolutionary France provided the model: under French and subsequently liberal regimes, privilege in state, church, and economy was cut back; there were analogous changes in the Ottoman world. Legal change did not always translate into substantive social change. Nonetheless, new conceptions of a largely autonomous ‘society’ developed, and new protocols were invented to relate state to ‘society’, often entailing use of tax status as a reference point for the allocation of rights and duties. The French Doctrinaires argued that the abolition of privilege made society ‘democratic’, posing the question, how was such a society best governed? By the middle of the nineteenth century, this conception was widely endorsed across southern Europe.

Happiness Contested: Happiness and Politics in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth centuries

August 2017
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Chapter
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Suffering and Happiness in England, 1550-1850 Narratives and Representations
Suffering and Happiness in England 1550-1850 pays tribute to one of the leading historians working on early modern England, Paul Slack, and his work as a historian, and enters into discussion with the rapidly growing body of work on the ...

Suffering and Happiness in England, 1550-1850 Narratives and Representations

August 2017
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Edited book
Suffering and Happiness in England 1550-1850 pays tribute to one of the leading historians working on early modern England, Paul Slack, and his work as a historian, and enters into discussion with the rapidly growing body of work on the ...

Consensus and the Majoritarian Principle in English Parliamentary Politics during the 18th and 19th Centuries

May 2017
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Chapter
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Consensus and Representation

‘Networks’ in British History

March 2016
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Journal article
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East Asian Journal of British History

The Diaries of John Wilkes, 1770–1797

January 2016
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Journal article
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The London Journal
33 Built Environment and Design, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 44 Human Society, 4303 Historical Studies, 4406 Human Geography, 3301 Architecture

Regulating Wages in Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century England: Arguments in Context

January 2016
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Chapter
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Regulating the British Economy, 1660-1850

Parliament and Church Reform: Off and On the Agenda

December 2015
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Chapter
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Liberty, Property and Popular Politics England and Scotland, 1688-1815. Essays in Honour of H. T. Dickinson
This volume, based on contributions from Professor Dickinson's students, friends and colleagues from around the world, offers a range of perspectives on eighteenth-century Britain and provides a tribute to a remarkable scholarly career ...
Great Britain

Legislating for three kingdoms: How the Westminster parliament legislated for England, Scotland and Ireland, 1707-1830: The 2001 Neale Lecture

July 2013
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Chapter
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Parliaments, nations and identities in Britain and Ireland, 1660-1850

Re-imagining Democracy in the Age of Revolutions: America, France, Britain, Ireland 1750-1850

January 2013
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Book

The Weavers in Parliament: The Legitimacy of the People's Policy (England, 1799-1800)

August 2011
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Journal article
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Revue d'Histoire du XIXe Siecle
Though the concept of the sovereignty of the people was invoked in England in the era of the French Revolution, it has never been formally endorsed. What has by contrast long been asserted is that ordinary people have significant rights, including rights to invoke the powers of government to defend their interests. This article presents a case study of Lancashire cotton weavers in the era of the French Revolution acting on the belief that they had such rights, and succeeding in laying their concerns before parliament, and having them attended to there, in the face of official suspicion and discouragement. Through the nineteenth century, British popular radicals would continue to focus above all on getting their voices heard in parliament, rather than on challenging the formal location of sovereignty in the crown.

Regulating Wages in Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth-Century England: Arguments in Context

June 2011
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Chapter
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Regulating the British Economy, 1660-1850
This collection of chapters focuses on the regulation of the British economy in the long eighteenth century as a means to understand the synergies between political, social and economic change as Britain was transformed into a global power. Inspired by recent research on consumerism and credit, an international team of leading academics examine the ways in which state and society both advanced and responded to fundamental economic changes. The studies embrace all aspects of the regulatory process, from developing ideas on the economy, to the passage of legislation, and to the negotiation of economic policy and change in practice. They range broadly over Britain and its empire and also consider Britain's exceptionality through comparative studies. Together, the book challenges the general characterization of the period as a shift from a regulated economy to a more laissez-faire system, highlighting the uncertain relationship between the state and economic interests across the long eighteenth century.
Business & Economics

Forms of 'Government Growth', 1780-1830

March 2011
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Chapter
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Structures and Transformations in Modern British History
A major new collection of essays on modern British history by leading scholars in the field.
History

‘L’« éducation nationale » dans les îles Britanniques, 1765-1815 : Variations britanniques et irlandaises sur un thème européen’ [National Education: British and Irish Variations on a European Theme, 1760-1815]

October 2010
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Journal article
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Annales Histoire, Sciences Sociales

Power and Happiness: Empirical Social Enquiry in Britain, from 'Political Arithmetic' to 'Moral Statistics'

October 2009
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Chapter
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Inferior Politics: Social Problems and Social Policies in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Inferior Politics explores how social policy was created in Britain in a period when central government was not active in making it.
History

The Protestant carpenter - William Payne of Bell Yard (c.1718-82): the life and times of a London informing constable

October 2009
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Chapter
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Inferior Politics: Social Problems and Social Policies in Eighteenth-Century Britain
Inferior Politics explores how social policy was created in Britain in a period when central government was not active in making it.
History

Introduction

June 2009
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Chapter

Inferior Politics

January 2009
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Book
Drawing together three decades of the author's work, including two new essays, Inferior Politics demonstrates how Joanna Innes has significantly revised and ...
History

INTRODUCTION

September 2007
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Chapter

Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780-1850

August 2007
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Book
This book takes a look at the 'age of reform', from 1780 when reform became a common object of aspiration, to the 1830s - the era of the 'Reform Ministry' and of the Great Reform Act of 1832 - and beyond, when such aspirations were realized more frequently. It pays close attention to what contemporaries termed 'reform', identifying two strands, institutional and moral, which interacted in complex ways. Particular reforming initiatives singled out for attention include those targeting parliament, government, the law, the Church, medicine, slavery, regimens of self-care, opera, theatre, and art institutions, while later chapters situate British reform in its imperial and European contexts. An extended introduction provides a point of entry to the history and historiography of the period. The book will therefore stimulate fresh thinking about this formative period of British history.
Art

Libraries in Context: Social, Cultural and Intellectual Background 1750-1850

January 2006
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Chapter
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The Cambridge History of Libraries in Britain and Ireland
This chapter sketches some broader contexts for library development: demographic, economic, social, cultural and political. Growth in numbers of libraries has to be set against a background of population growth. To illustrate the geographical and social context of library provision in the early nineteenth century, let us take a look at patterns of library provision in Gloucestershire. Setting aside ecclesiastical and school collections, whose incidence and vitality are particularly hard to assess, some sixty-seven libraries have been identified as having existed in Gloucestershire between about 1830 and 1842. Population growth, changes in living patterns and the growth of wealth all had effects on patterns of effective demand for libraries. Traditional grammar schools often gave rise to new commercial adjuncts, not limited by founders' statutes. The end of the eighteenth century saw a marked rise in enthusiasm for promoting the education of the poor, especially through Sunday Schools, later through an enhanced network of cheap day schools.
Libraries

When did the Victorian Age begin? Reflections on Richard Price's British Society 1680–1880

January 2006
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Journal article
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Journal of Victorian Culture
4702 Cultural Studies, 4705 Literary Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 47 Language, Communication and Culture, 4303 Historical Studies

Legislation and Public Participation 1760-1830

November 2005
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Chapter
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The British and their Laws in the Eighteenth Century

Central Government 'Interference': Changing Conceptions, Practices and Concerns 1688-1840

July 2005
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Chapter
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Civil Society in British History Ideas, Identities, Institutions
This chapter has two main parts. The first offers a broad sketch of changes in the way that government was constructed and operated, and in the problems it was seen to pose, between the late 17th and mid-19th centuries. The second surveys the changing patterns of debate in relation to two issues: policing and poor relief.
History

La « réforme » dans la vie publique anglaise. Les fortunes d'un mot

January 2005
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Journal article
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Histoire économie et société

‘Reform’ in English public life: the fortunes of a word

November 2003
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Chapter
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Rethinking the Age of Reform
43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 47 Language, Communication and Culture, 4303 Historical Studies, 4705 Literary Studies

Origins of the factory acts: The Health and Morals of Apprentices Act, 1802

October 2002
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Chapter
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Law, Crime and English Society, 1660–1830
4303 Historical Studies, 48 Law and Legal Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

The Distinctiveness of the English Poor Laws, 1750-1850

July 2002
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Chapter
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The Political Economy of British Historical Experience, 1688-1914
This is a collaborative endeavour by historians with established reputations in their field, which will appeal to all those interested in the current development of these branches of historical scholarship.
Business & Economics

Governing Diverse Societies

March 2002
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Chapter
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Short Oxford History of the British Isles: The Eighteenth Century
This volume provides a readable account of the history of the British Isles from the Norman Conquest of England, to the eve of the Welsh against Edward I in 1282.

Managing the Metropolis: London's Social Problems and Their Control, c. 1660-1830

January 2002
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Journal article
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Proceedings of the British Academy

Managing the metropolis: London's social problems and their control, c. 1660-1830.

January 2001
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Chapter
Local Government, Social Change, Social Conditions, Law Enforcement, Social Support, Urban Renewal, Social Problems, Social Responsibility, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Clergy, Urban Health, Urban Population, Fund Raising, Societies, London, Volunteers

Politics and government 1700–1840

July 2000
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Chapter
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The Cambridge Urban History of Britain

The State and the Poor: Eighteenth-century England in Comparative Perspective

January 1999
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Chapter
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Rethinking Leviathan: The Eighteenth-century State in Britain and Germany
Offering an approach to the history of the modern state, this text concentrates on the 18th century and on two cases, those of Britain and Germany.
History

What would a Four-Nations History of Eighteenth-Century Social Policy Entail?

January 1999
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Chapter
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Kingdoms United? Great Britain and Ireland Since 1500: Integration and Diversity
Contrasts and parallels between the development of Ireland and that of its closest neighbours: England, Scotland and Wales.
History

Charity, Philanthropy and Reform From the 1690s to 1850

September 1998
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Book
The essays in this volume explore continuities and changes in the role of philanthropic organizations in Europe and North America in the period around the French Revolution.
History

The Local Acts of a National Parliament: Parliament's Role in Sanctioning Local Action in Eighteenth‐Century Britain

February 1998
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Chapter
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

State, Church and Voluntarism in European Welfare, 1690–1850

January 1998
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Chapter
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Charity, Philanthropy and Reform
4705 Literary Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 47 Language, Communication and Culture, 4303 Historical Studies, 50 Philosophy and Religious Studies, Clinical Research, 1 No Poverty

The Mixed Economy of Welfare in Early Modern England: Assessments of the Options from Hale to Malthus (1683-1803)

June 1996
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Chapter
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Charity, Self-Interest And Welfare In Britain: 1500 To The Present
But what this striking introductory chapter above all brings home is that virtually all advanced societies are currently preoccupied with the topics confronted in this volume, and that the area of welfare has often been in the English past what it is...
History

The Domestic Face of the Military-Fiscal State: State and Society in Eighteenth-Century Britain

December 1993
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Chapter
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An Imperial State at War: Britain From 1689-1815
The imperial construction of Britain in the eighteenth century was a remarkable achievement. From 1689 to Waterloo in 1815, Britain was engaged not only in consolidating the states of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland into a single political unit, but also in defeating all attempts by France to establish political and military hegemony over Europe. It also won and lost one empire in north America, and then went on to conquer a second in the Caribbean and India. An Imperial State at War stresses that this military enterprise was sustained by the highest taxation per capita in Europe, and by an almost unlimited capacity to borrow. It highlights the wholly unprecedented scale of the demand on manpower and money needed to defeat France between 1793 and 1815.
History

Politics, Property and the Middle Class

October 1992
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Journal article
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Parliamentary History
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

II Representative histories: recent studies of popular politics and political culture in eighteenth and early nineteenth‐century England

June 1991
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Journal article
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Journal of Historical Sociology
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

Politics and Morals: the Reformation of Manners Movement in Later Eighteenth-Century England

July 1990
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Chapter
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The Transformation of Political Culture: England and Germany in the Late 18th Century
The ways in which developments in the two countries diverged are the subject of this collection of essays by leading scholars from England, North America, and Germany.
History

Parliament and the Shaping of Eighteenth-Century English Social Policy

January 1990
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Journal article
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Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
THIS paper provides a preliminary and exploratory account of some of the ways in which eighteenth-century parliaments helped to shape English social policy. At the heart of this study lie a body of measures, several hundred strong, which came before Parliament in the course of the eighteenth century. These were general rather than local measures, applying to the country as a whole. They dealt with such matters as the relief and regulation of the poor, repression of vice (variously conceived), handling of insolvent (and therefore perhaps imprisoned) debtors, and prevention and punishment of crime.

JONATHAN CLARK, SOCIAL HISTORY AND ENGLAND'S “ANCIEN REGIME”

January 1987
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Journal article
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Past & Present
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

Prisons for the Poor: English Bridewells 1555-1800

January 1987
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Chapter
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Labour, Law, and Crime: An Historical Perspective
History

The Crime Wave: Recent Writing on Crime and Criminal Justice in Eighteenth-Century England

October 1986
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Journal article
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Journal of British Studies
One of the most exciting and influential areas of research in eighteenth-century history over the last fifteen years has been the study of crime and the criminal law. It is the purpose of this essay to map the subject for the interested nonspecialist: to ask why historians have chosen to study it, to explain how they have come to approach it in particular ways, to describe something of what they have found, to evaluate those findings, and to suggest fruitful directions for further research. Like all maps, the one presented here is selective. The essay begins with a general analysis of the ways in which the field has developed and changed in its short life. It then proceeds to consider in more detail four areas of study: criminality, the criminal trial, punishment, and criminal legislation. This selection makes no pretense of providing an exhaustive coverage. A number of important areas have been omitted: for example, public order and policing. However, the areas covered illustrate the range of approaches, problems, and possibilities that lie within the field. The essay concludes with a discussion of the broader implications of the subject.