Dr Robert Johnson: List of publications

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Dysfunctional warfare: the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2022

April 2022
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Journal article
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Parameters
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine was based on false premises, faulty assumptions, and a weak strategy. The conduct of operations has also been a failure: a coup de main that miscarried, poor air-land cooperation, inadequate tactical communications, substandard battle discipline, low morale, and vulnerable and weak logistics. As the conflict has unfolded, heavy losses have imposed a strain on available Russian manpower. The Russian army reached a culminating point outside Kyiv and has exhibited little sign of operational learning. By contrast Ukrainians have fought an existential war, making good use of dispersed light infantry tactics with high levels of motivation. Their deficiencies in armaments and munitions have been compensated by Western support. However, the political context continues to impose limitations on the Ukrainians, and, at this early stage of the conflict, the number of options remains constrained.
Russia, Vladimir Putin, Ukraine, FFR, dysfunctional warfare, Volodymyr Zelensky

The taliban and the modern history of Afghanistan

July 2021
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Chapter
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Routledge Handbook of U.S. Counterterrorism and Irregular Warfare Operations

Egypt and the Sudan

June 2021
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Chapter
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Queen Victoria's Wars British Military Campaigns, 1857–1902
Offers a revised and updated history of thirteen of the most significant British conflicts during the Victorian period. This chapter examines the British military interventions in Egypt (1882) and Sudan (1884-85).
History

Command in the operational dimension: Challenges of the information age

March 2021
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Chapter
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The Conduct of War in the 21st Century: Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic

Conclusion: Assessing change and continuity in the character of war

March 2021
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Chapter
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The Conduct of War in the 21st Century: Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic

Hybrid warfare and counter-coercion

March 2021
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Chapter
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The Conduct of War in the 21st Century: Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic

Introduction

March 2021
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Book

The Conduct of War in the 21st Century, Kinetic, Connected and Synthetic

March 2021
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Book
48 Law and Legal Studies, 4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society, 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Winning in the World Wars: The British Conceptions of the War Time Leaders Lloyd George and Churchill, 1914-1945

January 2021
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Chapter
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How to Win a War: The Changing Character of Victory from Antiquity to the 21st Century
The chapter examines how David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill conceived of victory in the world wars.
History

Information warfare: Theory to practice

January 2021
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Chapter
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The World Information War: Western Resilience, Campaigning, and Cognitive Effects
The Second World War featured substantial amounts of irregular and information warfare, and so too did the wars of the later twentieth century. Since information warfare is both a form and a transmission of power, it should be recognized as a centre of gravity under certain conditions. It is easy to become focused on the technical means of information warfare, but the technology is only the enabler in the network, because the objective is to obtain a psychological outcome. The enemy’s public and neutral populations are the ways and means in information warfare, for it is they that can provide ‘mass’ in any information conflict. Information warfare is currently characterized by reconnaissance and probing which expose enemy capabilities and propensities, but it is more than that. Behind the scenes, the operation had required close co-operation of many agencies, but it illustrates the effectiveness of a synchronized and combined agency-approach to information warfare.

Introduction

January 2021
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Chapter
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The World Information War
This book outlines the threats from information warfare faced by the West and analyses the ways it can defend itself.
Cyberspace operations (Military science)

Introduction: The world information war

January 2021
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Book
China makes use of information systems domestically to ensure obedience and discipline. In foreign messaging, it portrays false stories of its rivals and enemies, and generates a sense of support for the ruling elite by choreographing events, enthusiastic crowds, and pro-government ‘demonstrations’. This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book examines some examples of how adversarial regimes operate, and their capability. It indicates that the information environment is practically all-pervasive and has a significant effect on orthodox military operations. The book indicates that information is the ‘means’ and ‘ways’, like physical force, that can achieve effects. It also indicates that information operations will be necessarily ‘deep’ inside an adversary’s territory, networks, and populations’ consciousness.

The World Information War

January 2021
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Book
This book outlines the threats from information warfare faced by the West and analyses the ways it can defend itself.
Cyberspace operations (Military science)

The world information war: Western resilience, campaigning, and cognitive effects

January 2021
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Book
This book outlines the threats from information warfare faced by the West and analyses the ways it can defend itself. Existing on a spectrum from communication to indoctrination, information can be used to undermine trust, amplify emotional resonance, and reformulate identities. The West is currently experiencing an information war, and major setbacks have included: ‘fake news’; disinformation campaigns; the manipulation of users of social media; the dissonance of hybrid warfare; and even accusations of ‘state capture’. Nevertheless, the West has begun to comprehend the reality of what is happening, and it is now in a position defend itself. In this volume, scholars, information practitioners, and military professionals define this new war and analyse its shape, scope, and direction. Collectively, they indicate how media policies, including social media, represent a form of information strategy, how information has become the ‘centre of gravity’ of operations, and why the further exploitation of data (by scale and content) by adversaries can be anticipated. For the West, being first with the truth, being skilled in cyber defence, and demonstrating virtuosity in information management are central to resilience and success. This book will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, information warfare, propaganda studies, cyber-security, and International Relations.

Introduction: Military Strategy - Missing in Action?

November 2020
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Chapter
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Military Strategy in the 21st Century The Challenge for NATO
This is the first volume to examine current military risks and threats for NATO from a military strategy vantage point. Which strategies are needed? Is ways--ends--means thinking possible as a strategic template today? The introduction examines the problems of definition and application.
Conflict management

Military Strategy and Conventional Warfare

November 2020
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Chapter
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Military Strategy in the 21st Century The Challenge for NATO
This is the first volume to examine current military risks and threats for NATO from a military strategy vantage point. Which strategies are needed? Is ways--ends--means thinking possible as a strategic template today? This chapter analyses the character of a NATO-Russia conventional war strategy
Conflict management

Military Strategy for Hybrid Confrontation and Coercion

November 2020
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Chapter
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Military Strategy in the 21st Century The Challenge for NATO
This is the first volume to examine current military risks and threats for NATO from a military strategy vantage point. Which strategies are needed? Is ways--ends--means thinking possible as a strategic template today? This chapter examines the strategy to respond to coercion in the so-called sub-threshold international environment.
Conflict management

Military Strategy in the 21st Century The Challenge for NATO

November 2020
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Book
This is the first volume to examine current military risks and threats for NATO from a military strategy vantage point. Which strategies are needed? Is ways--ends--means thinking possible as a strategic template today?
Conflict management

Experimental modelling with theoretical validation of liquid crystal display elements for UAV optimal (optical) stealth

November 2020
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Conference paper
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Proceedings of SPIE
40 Engineering, 4009 Electronics, Sensors and Digital Hardware

Lawrence of Arabia on War The Campaign in the Desert 1916–18

April 2020
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Book
This book sets Lawrence in context, examines the peace settlement he participated in, and describes how Lawrence's legacy has informed and inspired those partnering and mentoring local forces to the present day.
Biography & Autobiography

'This Sacred Trust': Enlarging Armies with Local Forces (1878-1945)

November 2019
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Chapter
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How Armies Grow The Expansion of Military Forces in the Age of Total War 1789-1945
The chapter examines the ways in which local forces were mobilised to augment Western armies in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
armies, war

Before Military Intervention

January 2019
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Edited book

Future Stabilisation Strategy and the Changing Upstream Environment

January 2019
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Chapter
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Before Military Intervention
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 44 Human Society

Introduction: Anticipating Future Stabilisation

January 2019
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Book
32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3202 Clinical Sciences, 44 Human Society, Prevention

The Great War in the Middle East

January 2019
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Edited book
This edited collection offers chapters covering various aspects of the First World War in the Middle East: strategic, military, artistic, informational, literary, religious, experiential, and social. It is therefore one of the most broad studies of the conflict in a single volume in recent decades.

UK Defence Policy: The ‘New Canada’ and ‘International by Design’

January 2019
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Chapter
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The United Kingdom’s Defence After Brexit
4803 International and Comparative Law, 48 Law and Legal Studies, 4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society, 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Introduction

September 2018
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Book

The United Kingdom's defence after brexit: Britain's alliances, coalitions, and partnerships

September 2018
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Book
This new work examines how the European states, the United Kingdom and the United States will approach the defence and Security of Europe in the medium and long-term. It is often assumed that Brexit, the United Kingdom's departure from the political and commercial European Union, would affect defence and security profoundly, but the basis of that assumption is rarely analysed. Bringing together a panel of specialists from Europe, the UK, the EU, and the United States, this volume evaluates the relative position they play in Europe's defence in the era of Brexit. It examines the arguments, challenges, and problems in European defence, and tests them against the residual commitment, cohesion, and capabilities of the states concerned, including Anglo-French military co-operation, the silent Anglo-German partnership, the US-UK Special Relationship, and the emergent Northern Group.

The de Bunsen Committee and a revision of the ‘conspiracy’ of Sykes–Picot

July 2018
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Journal article
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Middle Eastern Studies

Designing a Research Platform for Engaged Learning

May 2018
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Conference paper
46 Information and Computing Sciences, 3903 Education Systems, 39 Education, Generic health relevance

The War Outside of Europe

March 2018
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Chapter
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1918 Winning the War, Losing the War
SBTMR

My enemy's enemy: India in Afghanistan from the Soviet invasion to the US withdrawal

March 2018
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Journal article
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International Affairs
4407 Policy and Administration, 4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society

Hybrid War and Its Countermeasures: A Critique of the Literature

January 2018
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Journal article
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Small Wars and Insurgencies
© 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This article examines critically the literature of hybrid war and evaluates the countermeasures often proposed. It explains the concept of hybrid warfare and its varied interpretations, illustrating how it is a manifestation of current anxieties in armed conflict. The selection of the literature is based on works that are referenced, that offer a scientific approach, and which review either the phenomenon of hybrid warfare or its countermeasures empirically. Unscientific works have been omitted. The analysis of the literature presented here shows that the antidotes to ‘hybridity’ lie not in the operational or tactical sphere but in strategic and political domains.

The Six-Day War: the breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron/The 1973 Yom Kippur War and the reshaping of Israeli civil–military relations, edited by Udi Lebel and Eyal Lewin

January 2018
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Journal article
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Middle Eastern Studies
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology, 44 Human Society, 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

The First World War and the Middle East: a literature review of recent scholarship

January 2018
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Journal article
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MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES

The Six-Day War: the breaking of the Middle East

January 2018
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Journal article
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MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES

UK Defence Policy: The New Canada and International by Design

January 2018
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Chapter
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The United Kingdom's Defence After Brexit: Britain's Alliances, Coalitions and Partnerships
UK Defence, Strategy, Security

True to Their Salt Indigenous Personnel in Western Armed Forces

August 2017
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Book
He then offers a comprehensive survey of the post-colonial legacy, particularly the recent utilisation of surrogates and auxiliaries, the work of embedded training teams, and mentoring.
Armed Forces

The first world war and the middle east

July 2017
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Journal article
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Asian Affairs
© 2017 The Royal Society for Asian Affairs. The First World War in the Middle East swept away five hundred years of Ottoman dominion. It ushered in new ideologies and radicalized old ones – from Arab nationalism and revolutionary socialism to impassioned forms of atavistic Islamism. It created heroic icons, like the enigmatic Lawrence or the modernizing Atatürk, and it completely re-drew the map of the region, forging a host of new nation states, For many, the self-serving intervention of these powers in the region between 1914 and 1919 is the major reason for the conflicts that have raged there on and off ever since. Yet many of the most common assertions about the First World War in the Middle East and its aftermath are devoid of context. This article argues that, far from being a mere sideshow to the war in Europe, the Middle Eastern conflict was in fact the centre of gravity in a war for imperial interests. Moreover, contrary to another persistent myth of the First World War in the Middle East, local leaders and their forces were not simply the puppets of the Great Powers. The way in which these local forces embraced, resisted, succumbed to, disrupted, or on occasion overturned the plans of the imperialist powers for their own interests in fact played an important role in shaping the immediate aftermath of the conflict – and in laying the foundations for the troubled Middle East.

The changing character of war: Making strategy in the early twenty-first century

April 2017
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Journal article
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RUSI Journal
Several fashionable fallacies affect current assessments of the character of conflict. It is always difficult to discern what changes will affect the strategic level, especially when attention is focused on particular wars and technological novelties. In this article, Rob Johnson argues that an honest appraisal of what is unchanging offers one route to that evaluation. Strategically, revisionist geopolitics, an electronic arms race between encryption and access, and a greater focus on protecting populations and national wealth are anticipated. After a period when the West could intervene across the globe at will, it appears that escalatory, existential threats are back, demanding a strategic solution.

The changing character of war: Making strategy in the early twenty-first century

January 2017
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Journal article
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RUSI Journal
© RUSI JOURNAL. Several fashionable fallacies affect current assessments of the character of conflict. It is always difficult to discern what changes will affect the strategic level, especially when attention is focused on particular wars and technological novelties. In this article, Rob Johnson argues that an honest appraisal of what is unchanging offers one route to that evaluation. Strategically, revisionist geopolitics, an electronic arms race between encryption and access, and a greater focus on protecting populations and national wealth are anticipated. After a period when the West could intervene across the globe at will, it appears that escalatory, existential threats are back, demanding a strategic solution.

Out of Arabia: British Strategy and the Fate of Local Forces in Aden, South Yemen, and Oman, 1967–76

January 2017
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Journal article
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The International History Review
4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society

The Taliban

December 2016
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Chapter
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Insurgencies and Counterinsurgencies

The Great War and the Middle East

October 2016
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Book
Moreover, contrary to another persistent myth of the First World War in the Middle East, local leaders and their forces were not simply the puppets of the Great Powers in any straightforward sense.
History

Transformation of War: The Collision of States and Sub-State Polities

June 2016
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Chapter
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Transformations of Warfare in the Contemporary World

The Afghan National Army and COIN: Past, Present and Future Reconsidered

May 2016
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Chapter
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War and State-Building in Afghanistan Historical and Modern Perspectives
History

Contested historiography: Allied perspectives on the Gallipoli Campaign

January 2016
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Chapter
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The Gallipoli Campaign: The Turkish Perspective
This chapter discusses and demonstrates, on the basis of memoirs, diaries and letters as primary material, how the fighting at Gallipoli was also metaphorically a war of identities, especially between Turkish and Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) soldiers. From the letters and diaries of the ANZAC soldiers it was understood that the Turks were a determined, resourceful fighting force. An Ottoman general proudly reported in a letter to his father that: The allies are astonished at the bravery and self-sacrifice of our soldiers. In fact, for the British, French, Canadians, Indians and Germans, the Gallipoli Campaign was one of a long tragic list of World War I battles, but for the Turks, Australians and New Zealanders, Gallipoli has been something apart a significant event in the self-development of their individual nations. Australia and New Zealand were members of the British Empire and maintained close economic, social and cultural links with the mother country.

Introduction

January 2016
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Chapter
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The Gallipoli Campaign: The Turkish Perspective
This chapter seeks to shed light upon influencing strategies used by the Allies and the Ottoman General Staff on the Ottoman soldiers during the Gallipoli Campaign. It suggests that among the campaigns the Ottoman military fought in the First World War, the Gallipoli Campaign was the first one in which both the Allies' propaganda and the Ottoman General Staff's counter-propaganda strategies were used on the Ottoman soldiers in a coherent fashion. There is a need to widen and deepen the grasp of the traditional conceptualisation of propaganda in the literature when attempting to understand the war of ideas in the conflict and particularly in the context of Gallipoli. The chapter examines both the content analysis of the articles and photographs published about the Gallipoli Campaign in the War Magazine and significant thematic concepts used by the Ottoman intellectuals in their journal articles and poems after their visits.

The Gallipoli Campaign, The Turkish perspective

January 2016
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Book
47 Language, Communication and Culture, 4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

Command of the Army, Charles Gwynn and Imperial Policing: The British Doctrinal Approach to Internal Security in Palestine 1919–29

August 2015
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Journal article
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The Journal of Imperial & Commonwealth History
4303 Historical Studies, 43 History, Heritage and Archaeology

On Killing: historiography and conceptual issues: contexts and concepts from the First World War to the present

July 2015
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Chapter
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Frontline Combat and Cohesion in Twenty-First Century
Two, the archival record indicates that representations of combat by participants are specific to their context. This indicates that while aspects of the combat experience may not necessarily change through time, any analysis must acknowledge ...
Infantry, killing, combat, cohesion

Konterrevolution oder Volkskrieg? Der Aufstand der Mudschahedin

June 2015
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Chapter
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Sovietnam Die UdSSR in Afghanistan 1979 - 1989
This chapter examines the failures of the Mujahedin to achieve the overthrow of both Soviet and DRA forces and governments between 1980 and 1989

At the end of military intervention: historical, theoretical and applied approaches to transition, handover and withdrawal

December 2014
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Edited book
<p>No modern intervention is intended to endure indefinitely; indeed some fashion of exit is always envisioned from the outset. This commitment to an exit is normally informed by an exit strategy. Whilst strategies of closure have been scrutinised recently, not least in light of charges of defective intentions and planning, the relations between the strategies, operations and tactics of exit have not been contextualised. Focus on the local, specific and bottom-up manifestations of transitions offers significant enhances to historical, theoretical and applied understandings.</p> <p>This book is an introduction not just to the issues of transition, handover and withdrawal, but to exit as a package of theoretical concepts and how these have been understood, shaped and employed in historic and contemporary perspective. Drawing on a wide range of post-1945 examples derived from a variety of regions and periods, At the End of Military Intervention provides researchers and practitioners with a source book on what forms a crucial and often overlooked element of past and present interventions.</p>
political science

Transitions: Britain’s decolonization of India and Pakistan

December 2014
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Chapter
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At the End of Military Intervention: Historical, Theoretical and Applied Approaches to Transition, Handover and Withdrawal
In this chapter, Johnson analyses the processes and calculations that led to the British withdrawal from India and Pakistan in 1947–48. This was not simply a case of the British being driven out, but rather a combination of unrest in India and new priorities for the British at home, set against an exceptionally short timeline for transition. The deteriorating security situation illustrated the limitations of force, but also the inadequacy of the new administrations to agree on a political settlement. These left Britain with responsibilities it no longer had the power to discharge. Maintaining a good relationship with the successor governments was prioritized over former efforts to transfer power gradually. The war had transformed India dramatically, but transition, including the break-up of the security forces, took place amid shocking communal violence.
Partition, Transition, Handover and Withdrawal, Transition, Nationalism, Pakistan, Gandhi, Mountbatten, India, Jinnah

Predicting Future War

July 2014
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Journal article
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Parameters: the United States army's senior professional journal

Upstream engagement and downstream entanglements: The assumptions, opportunities, and threats of partnering

May 2014
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Journal article
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Small Wars and Insurgencies
4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society

Heroism and the Changing Character of War

January 2014
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Chapter

The Iran-Iraq War

December 2013
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Chapter

‘General Roberts, the Occupation of Kabul and the Problems of Transition, 1879-1880’

July 2013
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Journal article
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War in History

A plain tale of pundits, players and professionals: The historiography of the great game

March 2013
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Chapter
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Intelligence Studies in Britain and the US: Historiography since 1945

Mutazafin and Taghutti: Iran and its International Relations

January 2013
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Chapter
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The Iran-Iraq War: New International Perspectives
Iran, Iraq, War

Pakistan's inter-services intelligence

January 2013
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Chapter
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Intelligence Elsewhere: Spies and Espionage Outside the Anglosphere

The Consequences of a Failed State

January 2013
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Chapter
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Afghanistan Revealed Beyond the Headlines
Afghanistan

War Amongst the People

January 2013
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Chapter
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Afghanistan Revealed Beyond the Headlines
Afghanistan

Small wars and internal security: The Army in India, 1936-1946

December 2012
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Chapter
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The Indian Army, 1939-47: Experience and Development

Managing Helmand province: From Bost to Bastion

September 2012
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Journal article
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International Area Studies Review
4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society, 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Afghanistan: Unfriendly fire

July 2012
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Journal article
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History Today

Justifying the Iraq War and Managing the Media: A Comparative Historical Analysis

January 2012
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Chapter
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Justifying War

Pakistan’s ISI and Covert Operations

January 2012
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Chapter
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Intelligence Elsewhere

Plus ca Change: The Great Game and Power Projection in the Persian Gulf, 1856-1914

January 2012
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Chapter
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At the Crossroads of Empire

The Historiography of the Great Game

January 2012
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Chapter
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Intelligence Studies in Britain and the United States: Historiography since 1945

‘Small Wars and Internal Security: The Army in India, 1936-46’,

January 2012
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Chapter
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The Indian Army, 1939-1947: Experience and Development
Internal security

The Afghan Way of War

December 2011
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Book
Focusing on key episodes in Afghanistan&#39;s long history of conflict with foreign forces from the early nineteenth century to the present, this book sheds new ...
History

Towards a Bandobast: A Comparative Study of Afghan-Pashtun Perspectives on Negotiating with the British and the Soviets, 1839-1989

November 2011
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Journal article
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Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

‘Mizh der beitabora khalqi-i’: A Comparative Study of Afghan/Pashtun Perspectives on Negotiating with the British and Soviets, 1839–1989

November 2011
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Journal article
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The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History

A plain tale of pundits, players and professionals: The historiography of the great game

January 2011
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Chapter
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Intelligence Studies in Britain and the us: Historiography Since 1945
During the nineteenth century, the inexorable acquisition of territories across Central Asia by Russia seemed to menace the security of British India. In response, the British tried to reach agreements with St Petersburg, launched military campaigns to secure their Indian borders and attempted to coerce the Afghans, Persians and Tibetans into protected spheres of influence. The British authorities in India sent intelligence agents to survey, map and monitor the approaches to the Indian subcontinent in preparation for a war that appeared to some, at least, as inevitable. This was the classic 'Great Game' immortalised by Rudyard Kipling (see Figure 11). There was, however, an internal dimension to the threat. The British did not, on the whole, fear an invasion of India itself, which could be thwarted, but they were concerned that anti-colonial sedition within India could be spread, if Russia drew close to the subcontinent or demonstrated its military prowess. These developments would, in turn, require a larger garrison and a greater financial outlay. Sir John Malcolm - who served in Tehran as a diplomat - captured the essence of that threat, when he stated that Russian strategy involved: 'threatening and disturbing our Indian Empire in a degree that will have the immediate effect of injuring our resources and may ultimately endanger our power'.

Jihad and the ‘war on terror’: Intelligence, ethics and justice in Pakistan and Afghanistan

January 2011
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Chapter
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War, Ethics and Justice: New Perspectives on a Post-9/11 World
The occupation of Afghanistan in 2001 has confronted the West with a variety of ethical issues. As always with security and intelligence operations, there are moral implications, with specific challenges in terms of accountability, the exercise of power and justice. However, whilst much of the focus in Western literature has been on actions of American and NATO forces, and in particular the more disturbing aspects of detainment and interrogation practised by American agencies, there has been less analysis of the ethical conduct of regional intelligence agencies such as Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI) and the Taliban’s Amar bil Maruf wa Nahi an Al-Munkar (AMNAM). Furthermore, there has been insufficient consideration of the legacies of the Soviet occupation and civil war on the ethics and conduct of the various protagonists in the conflict since 2001. There have been some extreme examples of unethical behaviour by Afghans, but little acknowledgement of how the population were brutalised by the Soviet and old communist regime’s activities, their desperate attempts to preserve honour and position within tribal society, and their specific interpretations of the military ethics of Islam. The intention here is to offer a contrast between theoretical military ethics in Islam and the West, the Jihadist interpretation of those ethics, and the actual conduct of two agencies, the ISI and the Taliban (including the AMNAM), in the fields of security, intelligence and justice.

The British Army in Battle and its Image, 1914-1918

January 2011
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Journal article
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ENGLISH HISTORICAL REVIEW

The Indian Army and Internal Security: 1919-1946

January 2011
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Chapter
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War and Society in India

Tell Me How This Ends

December 2010
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Journal article
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International Studies Review
4408 Political Science, 44 Human Society

The Iran-Iraq War

November 2010
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Book

In the Service of Empire: Imperialism and the British Spy Thriller

June 2010
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Journal article
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Studies in Intelligence

United Kingdom

February 2010
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Chapter
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Immigration Worldwide: Policies, Practices, and Trends
This chapter discusses immigration to the United Kingdom from 1990 to the present day, focusing on trends and policies since the election of the Labour Party (first under Tony Blair in 1997). During this period, there has been high sustained net immigration to the United Kingdom, more diverse in its character than in the previous waves. The policy response has been radical, opening some routes of immigration arrivals while closing others, and moving from a multicultural race relations model of immigrant incorporation to one of integration. Outcomes for immigrants themselves have been mixed, with positives associated with most groups in the second generation.

Military Orientalism: Eastern War Through Western Eyes.

January 2010
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Journal article
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JOURNAL OF MILITARY HISTORY

Uncertain Loyalties

October 2009
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Chapter
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Spooked: Britain, Empire and Intelligence since 1945

Jihad and The War on Terror’’: Intelligence, Ethics and Justice in Pakistan and Afghanistan

September 2009
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Chapter
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War, Ethics and Justice
This edited volume addresses the key issues of ethics, war and international relations in the post-9/11 world.
History

Pulverfass am Hindukusch

August 2008
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Book

Spying for Empire The Great Game in Central and South Asia, 1757-1947

January 2006
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Book
The Great Game in Central and South Asia, 1757-1947. The Story of the struggle between Russia and Britain for imperial influence over southern and central Asia.
History

British Imperialism

February 2003
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Book
This essential guide offers a succinct, easy-to-read introduction to the key issues and historiography of British imperialism from the late 18th century to the present.
History

The United Kingdom’s Defence After Brexit

Book

'True to Their Salt': Mechanisms for recruiting and managing military labour in the Army of the East India Company during the Carnatic Wars in India

Chapter