Dr Helen Gittos

I studied English Literature at Newcastle University and then came to Oxford as a graduate student in early medieval history. After ten happy years teaching at the University of Kent, I moved back to take up my current post in Oxford.

I am particularly interested in the history of the church and its rituals in the Middle Ages, and I am as keen on buildings, objects and archaeological evidence as on written texts. My first book was Liturgy, Architecture and Sacred Places in Anglo-Saxon England (2013); I have also co-edited two collections of essays on the topic: The Liturgy of the Late Anglo-Saxon Church (2005) and Understanding Medieval Liturgy (2015). A second strand of my research is about language, and in particular the role and status of English in relation to Latin; I am currently writing a book on English: The Forgotten Language of the Medieval Church. I welcome applications from graduate students wanting to work on related topics.

Research Interests

• Medieval Church History
• History of Written Languages
• Church rituals
• Early medieval cultural and social history

My research has focused on using liturgical sources as a rich vein of evidence for many aspects of the social, cultural and religious history of the early Middle Ages. My first book, Liturgy, Architecture and Sacred Places in Anglo-Saxon England (2013), revealed, for example, how important outdoor processions were in peoples’ religious lives, how visible the liturgy was in the landscape, and the extent to which Anglo-Saxon bishops repeatedly revised rituals as part of their efforts to gain control over popular religious fervour and to enforce payments of taxation. I have also worked on the origins of rites for consecrating Christian cemeteries, evidence for the liturgy of Canterbury Cathedral in the early and central Middle Ages and, more recently, on rituals associated with death and burial and how archaeological evidence can sometimes provide clues to local liturgical practices.

A second strand of my research has been about language. I’ve written about the use of Old English in liturgical contexts and also on the audience for Old English texts. I am currently writing a book, English: The Forgotten Language of the Medieval Church. In this, I argue that English was used in the liturgy throughout the Middle Ages contrary to the conventional view that Christian rituals were celebrated exclusively in Latin until the Reformation. I have been awarded a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship for the calendar year 2021 to help to complete this project.

I also enjoy working collaboratively and learnt a great deal from an AHRC International Research Network that I led with Sarah Hamilton, from which came Understanding Medieval Liturgy (2016). Currently I am one of the Co-investigators on Worked in Stone, an AHRC project to complete the Corpus of Anglo-Saxon Stone Sculpture and, with Alban Gautier, I organized a colloquium on Vernacular Languages in the Long Ninth-Century, papers from which will be published in a special issue of the Journal of Medieval History. I also help to convene the Institute of Historical Research seminar on the History of Liturgy and Oxford’s Early Medieval Britain and Ireland Network.