Medicine and modern warfare bibliography

Medicine and Modern Warfare:
Full bibliography

Weekly readings:

War and medicine before 1815

Disease, medicine and colonial expansion

Medicine and military efficiency: the emergence of modern warfare

Militarism and humanitarianism

Disease, discipline and morale: the case of venereal disease

Psychology, psychiatry and the experience of combat

War and medical innovation

Warfare and welfare

General reading

Blecker, Johanna & Schiniedenbach, Heinz-Peter (eds.), Medizin und Krieg: vom Dilemma der Heilberufe 1865 bis zum 1985 (1987).
Cantlie, Sir Neil, A History of the Army Medical Department, 2 vols. (1974).
*Cooter, Roger, ‘Discourses on War’, Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science, 26 (1995), 637–47.
*Eckart, W.U. & Gradmann, C. (eds.), Die Medizin und der Erste Weltkrieg (1996).
Engelman, R.C. & Joy, R.T.J., Two Hundred Years of Military Medicine (1975).
Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975)
Foucault, Michel, ‘The Politics of Health in the Eighteenth Century’, in C. Gordon (ed.), Michel Foucault: Power/Knowledge (1980), 166–82.
Gabriel, Richard A. & Metz, Karen S., A History of Military Medicine, 2 vols. (1992).
Garrison, Fielding, Notes on the History of Military Medicine (1922).
Giddens, Anthony, The Nation State and Violence (1985).
Guillermand, J. (ed.), Histoire de la Medicine aux Armée (1982).
Haller, John S., Farmcarts to Fords: A History of the Military Ambulance 1790–1925 (1992).
*Harrison, Mark, ‘The Medicalization of War – The Militarization of Medicine’, Social History of Medicine, 9 (1996), 267–76.
Keegan, John, The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo and the Somme (1976).
Keegan, John, A History of Warfare (1994).
Keevil, J., Lloyd, C., & Coulter, J.L.S., Medicine and the Navy, 1200–1900, 4 vols. (1957–63).
Lankford, N.D., ‘The Victorian Medical Profession and Military Practice: Army Doctors and National Origins’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 54 (1984), 325–46
Lewer, Nick, Physicians and the Peace Movement (1992).
McLaughlin, R., The Royal Army Medical Corps (1972).
MacNalty, Sir A.S. (ed.), History of the Second World War, UK Medical Services, 21 vols. (1952–72).
MacPherson, Sir William et al (eds.), History of the Great War based on Official Documents. Medical Services, 22 vols. (1922-).
Prinzing, F., Epidemics Resulting from War (1915).
Scott, Rosalie, ‘Medicine in the Services’, in Gerald Jordan (ed.), British Military History: A Supplement to Robin Highams Guide to the Sources (1988), 525–51.

Week 1: War and medicine before 1815

General works

*Anderson, M.S., War and Society in Europe of the Old Regime 1618–1789 (1988).
André, L., Michel le Tellier et l’Organisation de l’Armée, 469–95.
*Black, Jeremy, A Military Revolution? Military Change and European Society 1550–1800 (1991).
Black, Jeremy, European Warfare, 1660–1815 (1994).
*Brewer, John, The Sinews of power: War, Money and the English State, 1688–1783 (1989).
Childs, J., Armies and Warfare in Europe, 1648–1789 (1982).
Duffy, C., The Military Life of Frederick the Great (1986).
*Guy, A.J., Oeconomy and Discipline: Officership and Administration in the British Army, 1714–1763 (1985).
Hannaway, Caroline, ‘From Private Hygiene to Public Health: A Transformation in Western Medicine in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries’, in T. Ogawa (ed.), Public Health (1981).
Houlding, J.A., Fit for Service: The Training of the British Army, 1715–1795 (1981).
Lawrence, Christopher, Medicine and the Making of Modern Britain (1994), 7–25.
O’Brien, P.K., ‘Public Finance in the Wars with France, 1793–1815’, in H.T. Dickson (ed.), Britain and the French Revolution (1989), 165–88.
*Parker, G., The Military Revolution: Military Innovation and the Rise of the West, 1500–1800 (1988).
Parker, G.The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road (1972).
Riley, J.C., The Eighteenth-Century Campaign to Avoid Disease (1987).
Rodger, N.A.M., The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy (1988).
*Stone, Lawrence (ed.), An Imperial State at War: Britain 1688–1815 (1994)

Military and naval medicine

Allen, E., Turk, R., & Murley, R. (eds.), The Case Books of John Hunter, FRS (1993).
Blanco, R.L., Wellington’s Surgeon-General, Sir James McGrigor (1974).
Bois, J.P., ‘Les Soldats Invalides au XVIIIème Siècle. Perspectives nouvelles’, Histoire, Economie et Sociale, 2 (1982), 237–58.
Boog-Watson, William N., ‘Two British Naval Surgeons of the French Wars’, Medical History, 13 (1969), 213–25.
*Brockliss, L. & Jones, C., The Medical World of Early Modern France (1997), chap.11, section C.
Bruneel, La Mortalité dans les Campagnes: Le Duché de Brabant aux XVIIe et XVIIIe Siècles, 2 vols. (1977).
Carpenter, K.J., The History of Scurvy and Vitamin C (1986).
*Cook, Harold J., ‘Practical Medicine and the British Armed Forces after the “Glorious Revolution”’, Medical History, 34 (1979), 1–26.
Ebstein, Wilhelm, Die Kranheiten im Feldzuge gegen Russland (1902).
Gillett, M.C., The Army Medical Department, 1775–1818 (1981).
Gordon, C., ‘Sir John Pringle’ (Unfinished Ph.D. thesis, UCL/Wellcome Institute, 1986).
*Hudson, G., ‘Ex-servicemen, War Widows and English County Pension Schemes, 1593–1679’ (Unpublished D.Phil. thesis, 1995).
*Jones, Colin, ‘The Welfare of the French Foot-Soldier from Richleau to Napoleon’, in his The Charitable Imperative: Hospitals and Nursing in Ancien Regime and Revolutionary France (1989) or in History, 65 (1980).
Langley, Harold D., A History of Medicine in the Early U.S. Navy (1995).
*Lawrence, Christopher, ‘Disciplining Diseases: Scurvy, the Navy and Imperial Expansion, 1750–1825’, in D. Miller & P. Reill (eds.), Visions of Empire (1996), 80–106.
Lloyd, C.C., ‘Victualling of the Fleet in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries’, in W.F. Bynum & E.J. Freeman (eds.), Starving Sailors: The Influence of Nutrition upon Naval and Maritime History (1981), 9–15.
*Mathias, Peter, ‘Swords into Ploughsares: the Armed Forces, Medicine and Public Health in the Late Eighteenth Century’, in J. Winter (ed.), War and Economic Development: Essays in Memory of David Joslin (1975), 73–90.
Moerchel, Joachim, Das Österreichische Militärsanitätswesen in Zeitalter des augeklärten Absolutismus (1984).
Müller-Dietz, H. (ed.), Der russiche Militärartz im 18. Jahrhundert (1970).
Ring, Friedrich, Zur Geshichte der militärmedizin in Deutschland (1962).
Rodger, N.A.M., ‘Medicine and Science in the British Navy of the Eighteenth Century’, in C. Buchet (ed.), L’Homme, la Santé et la Mer (1997), 333–44.
Van Meerbeck, L., ‘Le Service Sanitaire de L’Armée espagnole de Pays-Bas á la fin de XVIe et au XVIIe Siècle’, Revuew Internationale d’Histoire Militaire, 20 (1959), 479–93.

Week 2: Disease, medicine and colonial expansion

*Archer, Christon I., ‘Combatting the Invisible Enemy: Health and Hospital Care in the Army of New Spain, 1760–1810’, New World, 2 (1987), 49–92.
Arnold, David, Colonizing the Body: State Medicine and Epidemic Disease in Nineteenth-Century India (1993).
*Bewell, Alan, Romanticism and Colonial Disease (1999).
*Curtin, Philip D., ‘The White Man’s Grave: Image and Reality, 1750–1850’, Journal of British Studies, 1 (1961), 94–110.
Curtin, Philip D., , The Image of Africa, 2 vols. (1964).
*Curtin, Philip D., Death By Migration: Europe’s Encounter with the Tropical World in the Nineteenth Century (1988).
*Curtin, Philip D., ‘The End of the “White Man’s Grave”? Nineteenth-Century Mortality in West Africa’, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 21 (1990), 63–88.
Curtin, Philip D., ‘Disease and Imperialism’, in D. Arnold (ed.), Warm Climates and Western Medicine (1996), 99–107.
*Curtin, Philip D.,Disease and Empire: The Health of European Troops in the Conquest of Africa (1998).
*Geggus, David, Slavery, War and Revolution: The British Occupation of Saint Domingue 1793–1798 (1982), 347–72.
*Curtin, Philip D., ‘’Yellow Fever in the 1790s: the British Army in occupied Saint Domingue’, Medical History, 23 (1979), 38–58.
Harrison, Mark, PublicHealth in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive Medicine 1859–1914 (1994), introduction and chap. 3.
*Harrison, Mark, Climates and Constitutions: Health, Race, Environment and British Imperialism in India, 1600–1850 (1999).
*Kiple, K. & Ornelas, K.C., ‘Race, War and Tropical Medicine in the Eighteenth-Century Caribbean’, in D. Arnold (ed.), Warm Climates and Western Medicine (1996), 65–79.
Leach, Douglas E., Roots of Conflict: British Armed Forces and Colonial Americans, 1677–1763 (1986), 53–63.
*McNeill, J.R., ‘The Ecological Basis of Warfare in the Caribbean, 1700–1804’, in Ultee (ed.), Adapting to Conditions, 26–42.
Osborne, Michael A., ‘Resurrecting Hippocrates: Hygienic Sciences and the French Scientific Expeditions to Egypt, Morea and Algeria’, in D. Arnold (ed.), Warm Climates and Western Medicine (1996), 80–98.
Van Bergen, Leo, ‘For our Honour and our Rights: the Dutch East Indies and the First Atjeh Expeditions’, in H. Binneveld & R. Dekker (eds.), Curing and Insuring: Essays on Illness in Past Times: The Netherlands, Belgium, England and Italy, 16^th–20^th Centuries (1993), 135–49.
Van Heteren, G.M. et al (eds.), Dutch Medicine in the Malay Archipelago 1816–1942 (1989

Week 3: Medicine and military efficiency: the emergence of modern warfare

General works on modern warfare and concepts of efficiency

Ellis, John, The Social History of the Machine Gun (1975).
Haber, Samuel, Efficiency and Uplift: Scientific Management in the Progressive Era, 1890–1920 (1964).
*Hagerman, Edward, The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare (1992).
McNeill, William, The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force and Society since AD 1000 (1982).
Maier, Charles S., ‘Between Taylorism and Technocracy: European Ideologies and the Vision of Industrial Productivity in the 1920s’, Journal of Contemporary History, 5 (1970), 27–61.
*Rabinach, Anson, The Human Motor: Energy, Fatigue and the Origins of Modernity (1990).
*Travers, Tim, The Killing Ground: The British Army, the Western Front and the Emergence of Modern Warfare (1987).
Travers, Tim, How the War was Won: Command and Technology in the British Army on the Western Front 1917–1918 (1992).
*Weber, Max, ‘The Technological Advantages of Bureaucratic Organisation’, in H. Gerth & C.W. Mills (eds.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1970).

Medicine and manpower economy

Barton, Edward H., ‘British Surgery in the South African War: the Work of Major Frederick Porter’, Medical History, 21 (1977), 275–90.
Bosenquet, Nick, ‘Health Systems in Khaki: The British and American Medical Experience’, in H. Cecil & P. Liddle (eds.), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced (1996), 451–65.
Bayne-Jones, Stanhope, The Evolution of Preventive Medicine in the United States Army, 1807–1939 (1968).
Bringmann, J., Problemkries Schussbruch bei der deutschen Wehrmacht im Zweiten Weltkrieg (1981).
Butler, A.G., The Australian Army Medical Services in the War of 1914–1918, Vol.I, Part I: The Gallipoli Campaign (1997).
Cowdrey, Albert E., Fighting for Life: American Military Medicine in World War II (1994).
Cowdrey, Albert E., ‘ “Germ Warfare” and Public Health in the Korean Conflict’, Journal of the History of Medicine, 39 (1984), 153–72.
Crew, F.A.E., The Army Medical Services, Campaigns, 6 vols. (1953–67).
Crosland, Maurice, ‘Science and the Franco-Prussian War’, Social Studies of Science, 6 (1976), 185–214.
Cunningham, Horace H., Doctors in Gray: The Confederate Medical Service (1960)
Fischer, H., Der deutsche Sanitätsdienst, 1921–1945 (1984).
Guth, E. (ed.), Voträge zur Militärgeshichte, ii: Sanitätswesen im Zweiten Weltkrieg (1990).
Harrison, Mark, ‘The Fight against Disease in the Mesopotamia Campaign’, in H. Cecil & P. Liddle (eds.), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced (1996), 475–89.
*Harrison, Mark, ‘Medicine and the Culture of Command: The Case of Malaria Control in the British Army during the Two World Wars’, Medical History, 40 (1996), 437–52.
*Herrick, Claire, ‘ “The Conquest of the Silent Foe”: British and American Military Medical Reform Rhetoric and the Russo-Japanese War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), Medicine and Modern Warfare (1999), 99–130.
Laffin, John, Surgeons in the Field (1970).
*Noon, Geoffrey, ‘The Treatment of Casualties in the Great War’, in Paddy Griffith (ed.), British Fighting Methods in the Great War (1996), 87–112.
O’Keefe, Brendan & Smith, F.B., Medicine at War: Medical Aspects of Australia’s Involvement in South East Asian Conflicts, 1950–1972 (1994).
Shepherd, John, The Crimean Doctors: A History of the British Medical Services during the Crimean War, 2 vols. (1991).
*Skelley, Alan R., The Victorian Army at Home: The Recruitment and Terms and Conditions of the British Regular (1977).
Taliaferro, William H. (ed.), Medicine and the War (1972).
Tyquin, Michael, Gallipoli: The Medical War: The Australian Army Medical Services in the Dardanelles Campaign of 1915 (1993).
Valentin, Rolf, Die krankenbataillone Sonderformation der deutschen Wehrmacht im Zweiten Weltkrieg (1981).
Weindling, Paul, Delousing Eastern Europe: German Bacteriology between Disinfection and Genocide, 1890s–1940s (1999).
Westman, Stephen, Surgeon with the Kaiser’s Army (1968).
Whitehead, Ian R., ‘Not a Doctor’s Work?: The Role of the British Regimental Medical Officers in the Field’, in H. Cecil & P. Liddle (eds.), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced (1996), 466–74.
*Whitehead, Ian R., Doctors in the Great War (1999).

Chemical and bacteriological warfare

Haber, L.F., The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War (1986).
*Harris, Sheldon, Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare 1932–45 and the American Cover Up (1994).
Richter, Donald, Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War One (1992).
Spiers, Edward M., Chemical Warfare (1986).
Trumpener, Ulrich, ‘The Road to Ypres: the Beginnings of Gas Warfare in World War I’, Journal of Modern History, 47 (1975), 460–80.

Week 4: Militarism and humanitarianism

Militarism (general)

*Anderson, Olive, ‘The Growth of Christian Militarism in Mid-Victorian Britain’, English Historical Review, 86 (1971), 46–72.
Cooter, Roger, ‘The Moment of the Accident: Culture, Militarism and Modernity in Late-Victorian Britain’, in R. Cooter & B. Luckin (eds.), Accidents in History (1996), 107–57.
*Crook, Paul, Darwinism, War and History (1994).
Cunningham, Hugh, ‘The Language of Patriotism’, in R. Samuel (ed.), Patriotism: The Making and Unmasking of British Identity (1989), 57–89.
*Edgerton, David, ‘Liberal Militarism and the British State’, New Left Review, 185 (1991), 138–96.
*Gillis, John R. (ed.), The Militarization of the Western World (1989).
Searle, Geoffrey R., The Quest for National Efficiency: A Study of British Politics and Political Thought, 1899–1914 (1971).
*Summers, Anne, ‘Militarism in Britain before the Great War’, History Workshop Journal, 2 (1976), 104–23.
*Vagts, Alfred, A History of Militarism (1959).

Humanitarian movements

Best, Geoffrey, Humanity in Warfare: The Modern History of the International Law of Armed Conflicts (1980).
*Hutchinson, John, Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross (1995).
Morris, Peter (ed.), First Aid to the Battlefield: Life and Letters of Sir Vincent Kennett-Barrington (1844–1903) (1992).
*Taithe, Bertrand, ‘The Red Cross Flag in the Franco-Prussian War: Civilians, Humanitarians and the War in the “Modern Age”’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 22–47.
Van Bergen, Leo, De Zwaargewondern Eerst? Het the Nederlandische Roode Kruis en het Vraagstuk van oolog en vraade, 1867–1943 (1994).

Women, medicine and nursing

Abel-Smith, Brian, A History of the Nursing Profession (1969).
Bayly, Monica, Florence Nightingale and the Nursing Legacy (1986).
Crofton, Eileen, The Women of Royaumont: A Scottish Women’s Hospital on the Western Front (1997).
Donner, Henriette, ‘Under the Cross: Why V.A.D.s performed the filthiest Task in the Dirtiest War: Red Cross Women Volunteers, 1914–1918’, Journal of Social History, 30 (1997), 687–704.
Dyhouse, Carol, Women in Medicine during World War II: Twelve Eyewitness Accounts (1997).
Fessler, Diane B., No Time for Fear: Voices of American Military Nurses in World War II (1996).
Hay, Ian, One Hundred Years of Army Nursing (1953).
*Jensen, Kimberly, ‘Physicians and Citizens: US Medical Women and Military Service in the First World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 106–124.
Leneman, Leah, In the Service of Life: The Story of Elsie Inglis and the Scottish Women’s Hospitals (1994).
MacDonald, Lyn, The Roses of No Man’s Land (1993).
Sarnecky, Mary T., ‘Women, Medicine and War’, in Paula N. Poulos (ed.), A Woman’s War Too: U.S. Women in the Military in World War II (1996), 71–81
Smith, F.B., Florence Nightingale: Reputation and Power (1982).
*Starns, Penny, ‘Fighting Militarism? British Nursing during the Second World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 189–202.
*Summers, Anne, Angels and Citizens: British Women as Military Nurses, 1854–1914 (1988).
Tomblin, Barbara B., G.I. Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II (1996).

Week 5: Disease, discipline and morale: the case of venereal disease

*Beardsley, E.H., ‘Allied Against Sin: American and British Responses to Venereal Disease in World War I’, Medical History, 20 (1976), 189–202.
*Brandt, Allan M., No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880 (1985).
Bristow, Edward J., Vice and Vigilance: Purity Movements in Britain since 1700 (1977).
*Buckley, Suzanne, ‘The Failure to Resolve the Problem of Venereal Disease among the Troops in Britain during World War I’, in B. Bond & I. Roy (eds.), War and Society: A Yearbook of Military History, vol.2, (1977)), 65–85.
Hall, Lesley, Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality, 1900–1950 (1991).
*Hall, Lesley, ‘ “War always brings it on” War, STDs, the Military and the Civilian Population in Britain, 1850–1950’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), Medicine and Modern Warfare (1999), 205–24.
*Harrison, Mark, ‘The British Army and the Problem of Venereal Disease in France and Egypt during the First World War’, Medical History, 39 (1995), 133–58.
*Harrison, Mark,, ‘Sex and the Citizen Soldier: Health, Morals and Discipline in the British Army during the Second World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), Medicine and Modern Warfare (1999), 225–50.
*Hyam, Ronald, Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience (1991).
Kehoe, Jean, ‘Medicine, Sexuality and Imperialism. British Medical Discourses surrounding Venereal Disease in New Zealand and Japan: S Socio-Historical and Comparative Study’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, 1992).
*Levine, Philippa, ‘Venereal Disease, Prostitution, and the Politics of Empire: The Case of British India’, Journal of the History of Sexuality, 4 (1994), 579–602.
Levine, Philippa, ‘Rereading the 1890s: Venereal Disease as “Constitutional Crisis” in Britain and British India’, Journal of Asian Studies, 55 (1996), 585–612.
Quétel, Claude, History of Syphilis (1990).
Sauerteig, Lutz, ‘Militär, Medizin und Moral: Sexualität im Ersten Weltkrieg’, W.U. Eckart & C. Gradmann (eds.), Medizin und der Erte Weltkrieg (1996), 197–226.
*Sauerteig, Lutz, ‘Sex, Medicine and Morality during the First World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 167–88.
*Smith, F.B., ‘Ethics and Disease in the Late-Nineteenth Century: The Contagious Diseases Acts’, Historical Studies, 15 (1971), 118–35.
Smith, F.B., ‘The Contagious Diseases Acts Reconsidered’, Social History of Medicine, 3 (1990), 197–215.
Tomkins, S.M., ‘Palminate or Permangenate: The Venereal Prophylaxis Debate in Britain, 1916–1926’, Medical History, 37 (1993), 82–98.
*Towers, Bridget, ‘Health Education Policy 1916–1926: Venereal Disease and the Prophylaxis Dilemma’, Medical History, 24 (1980), 70–87.
Trustram, Myna, Women of the Regiment: Marriage and the Victorian Army (1984).

Week 6: Psychology, psychiatry and the experience of combat

General works containing relevant background information

Eksteins, Modris, The Rites of Srping: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age (1989).
Ellis, John, Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I (1976).
Ellis, John, The Sharp End of War: The Fighting Man in World War II (1980), chapter 5.
Fussell, Paul, The Great War and Modern Memory (1975).
Hynes, Samuel, A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture (1990).
*Leed, Eric, No Man’s Land: Combat and Identity in World War I (1979).
Pick, Daniel, Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, c.1848-c.1918 (1989)
*Pick, Daniel, War Machine: The Rationalisation of Slaughter in the Modern Age (1993).
*Rose, Nikolas, The Psychological Complex: Psychology, Politics and Society in England, 1869–1939 (1985).

Psychiatry, psychology and mental deficiency

Ahrenfeldt, R.H., Psychiatry in the British Army in the Second World War (1958)
Bartlett, F., Psychology and the Soldier (1927).
*Binneveld, Hans, From Shellshock to Combat Stress (1997).
*Bogacz, Ted, ‘War Neuroses and Social Cultural Change in England, 1914–22: The Work of the War Office Committee into “Shell-Shock”’, Journal of Contemporary History, 24 (1989), 227–56.
Bourke, Joanna, ‘Disciplining the Emotions: Fear, Psychiatry and the Second World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 225–38.
Bourke, Joanna, An Intimate History of Killing (1999).
Burnham, John C., ‘The New Psychology: from Narcissism to Social Control’, in J. Braeman, R.H. Brencher & D. Brody (eds.), Change and Continuity in Twentieth Century America: The 1920s (1968), 351–98.
*Copp. Terry & McAndrew, Bill, Battle Exhaustion: Soldiers and Psychiatrists in the Canadian Army, 1939–1945 (1990).
*Feudtner, J.C., ‘ “Minds the Dead have Ravished”: Shell Shock, History and the Ecology of Disease-Systems’, History of Science, 31 (1993), 377–420.
Gillespie, R.D., The Psychological Effects of War on Citizen and Soldier (1942)
Glass, A.E., Neuropsychology in World War II (1973).
Healy, David, Images of Trauma: From Hysteria to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1993).
Herbert, James, ‘Psychology on the March: American Psychologists and World War II’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1986).
Holden, Wendy, Shell Shock: The Psychological Impact of War (1998).
Leese, Peter, ‘A Social and Cultural History of Shellshock, with particular reference to the Experience of British Soldiers during and after the Great War’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Open University, 1989).
*Lerner, Paul, ‘Rationalizing the Therapeutic Arsenal: German Neuropsychiatry in World War I’, in M. Berg & G. Cocks (eds.), Medicine and Modernity: Public Health and Medical Care in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Germany (1997), 121–48.
Lerner, Paul, ‘Hysterical Men: War, Neurosis and German Mental Medicine, 1914–1921’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Columbia, 1996) .
Lynch, P.J., ‘The Exploitation of Courage: Psychiatric Care in the British Army, 1914–1918’ (Unpublished M.Phil thesis, University College London, 1977).
Merksey, Harold, ‘Shell Shock’, in G.E. Berrios & H. Freeman (eds.), 150 Years of British Psychiatry, 1841–1991 (1991), 245–67.
Micale, Mark S., ‘Hysteria and its Historiography: A Review of Past and Present Writings’, History of Science, 27 (1989), 223–61 and 319–51..
Micale, Mark S. & Lerner, Paul (eds.), Traumatic Pasts: Studies in History, Psychiatry and Trauma in the Modern Age.
Noble, David E., ‘Mental Material: The Militarization of Learning and Intelligence in US Education’, in Les Levidow & Kevin Robins (eds.), Cyborg Worlds: The Military Information Society (1989).
*Pols, Hans, ‘The Repression of War Trauma in American Psychiatry after World War II’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), Medicine and Modern Warfare (1996), 251–76.
Roudebush, Marc, ‘A Battle of Nerves: Hysteria and its Treatment in France during World War I’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1995).
Shepherd, Ben, ‘ “The Early Treatment of Mental Disorders”: R.G. Rows and Maghull, 1914–1918’, in G. Berrios & H. Freeman (eds.), 150 Years of British Psychiatry, vol.2 (1996), 434–64.
*Showalter, Elaine, The Female Malady: Women, Madness and English Culture, 1830–1980 (1985).
Simpson, Keith, ‘Dr James Dunn and Shell-Shock’, in H. Cecil & P. Liddle (eds.), Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced (1996), 502–20.
*Stone, Martin, ‘Shellshock and the Psychologists’, in W.F. Bynum, R. Porter & M. Shepherd (eds.), The Anatomy of Madness: Essays in the History of Psychiatry, vol.2, Institutions and Society (1985), 242–71.
Stone, Martin, ‘The Military and Industrial Roots of Clinical Psychology in Britain, 1900–45’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1985).
Talbott, John, ‘Combat Trauma in the American Civil War’, History Today, 46 (1996).
*Thomson, Mathew, ‘Status, Manpower and Mental Fitness: Mental Deficiency in the First World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 149–166.
*Young, Allan, TheHarmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (1995).

Week 7: War and medical innovation

General works on science, technology and modern war

*Alter, Peter, The Reluctant Patron: Science and the State in Britain, 1850–1920 (1987).
Burk, Kathleen (ed.), War and the State: The Transformation of British Government, 1914–1919 (1982).
Edgerton, David, ‘British Scientific Intellectuals and the Relations of Science, Technology and War’, in P. Forman and J.M. Sanchez-Rons (eds.), National Military Establishments and the Advancement of Science and Technology (1996).
*Edgerton, David, England and the Aeroplane: An Essay on a Militant and Technological Nation (1991).
*Edgerton, David, ‘Liberal Militarism and the British State’, New Left Review, 185 (1991), 138–96.
Hartcup, Guy, The War of Invention: Scientific Developments, 1914–18 (1988).
Howell, Joel D., Technology in the Hospital: Transforming Patient Care in the Early Twentieth Century (1995).
Marx, Leo & Roe Smith, Merrit (eds.), Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism (1995).
Murray, Williamson & Millett, Allan (eds.), Military Innovation in the Interwar Period (1996).
*Pickstone, John (ed.), Medical Innovations in Historical Perspective (1992).
Zuckerman, Solly, Scientists and War: The Impact of Science on Military and Civil Affairs (1966).

War and medical science

Austroker, J. & Bryder, L. (eds.), Historical Perspectives on the Role of the MRC (1989).
*Barger, A.C., Benison, S., & Wolfe, E.L., ‘Walter B. Cannon and the Mystery of Shock: A Study of Anglo-American Co-operation in World War I’, Medical History, 35 (1991), 217–49.
*Cooter, Roger, ‘Medicine and the Goodness of War’, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 12 (1990), 147–59.
*Cooter, Roger, Surgery and Society in Peace and War: Orthopaedics and the Organization of Modern Medicine, 1880–1948 (1993).
Cope, Zachary, ‘The Treatment of Wounds through the Ages’, Medical History, 2 (1958).
*Cope, Zachary, ‘The Medical Balance Sheet of War’, in his Some Famous General Practitioners and other Medical Historical Essays (1961).
Cowdrey, Albert E., War and Healing: Stanhope Bayne-Jones and the Maturing of American Medicine (1992).
Drew, R., ‘Medicine’s Debt to the Army: A Review of the Army’s Contribution to Medical Science’, Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 110 (1964), 5–12.
English, Peter C., Shock, Physiological Surgery, and George Washington Crile: Medical Innovation in the Progressive Era (1980).
Gibson, T.M. & Harrison, M.H., Into Thin Air: A History of Aviation Medicine (1984).
Gradmann, Christoph, ‘ “Vornehmlich beängstigend” – Medizin, Gesundheit und chemische Kriegsürung im deutschen Heer 1914–1918’, in W.U. Eckart & C. Gradmann (eds.), Die Medizin unde der Erte Weltkrieg (1996).
Green, F.H.K. & Covell, Sir G. (eds.), Medical Research: Medical History of the Second World War (1953).
Herrick, Claire, ‘Of War and Wounds: The Propaganda, Politics and Experience of Medicine in World War I’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Manchester, 1996).
*Howell, Joel D., ‘Soldier’s Heart: The Redefinition of Heart Disease and Specialty Formation in Early Twentieth-Century Great Britain’, Medical History, suppl. 5 (1985), 34–52; reprinted in Cooter, Harrison & Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity.
Kater, Michael H., Doctors underHitler (1989).
*Lederer, Susan, ‘Military Personnel as Research Subjects’, Encyclopedia of Bioethics (1995), 1147–6.
*Lindee, M. Susan, Suffering Made Real: American Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima (1994).
*Neushul, Peter, ‘Science, Government and the Mass Production of Penicillin’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, 38 (1993), 371–95.
*Neushul, Peter, ‘Fighting Research: Army Participation in the Clinical Testing and Mass Production of Penicillin during the Second World War’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 203–24.
Osborne, Michael, ‘French Military Epidemiology and the Limits of the Laboratory: The Case of Louis-Félix-Achille Kelsch’, in A. Cunningham & P. Williams (eds.), The Laboratory Revolution in Medicine (1992), 189–208.
Reimer, T., Die Entwicklung der Flugmedizin in Deutschland (1979).
*Sturdy, Steve, ‘From the Trenches to the Hospitals at Home: Physiologists, Clinicians and Oxygen Therapy, 1914–30’, in J.V. Pickstone (ed.), Medical Innovations in Historical Perspective (1992), 104–23.
*Sturdy, Steve, ‘War as Experiment. Physiology, Innovation and Administration in Britain, 1914–1918: The Case of Chemical Warfare’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), War, Medicine and Modernity (1998), 65–84.
Surgeon-General’s Dept., German Aviation Medicine: World War II (1958).
Weindling, Paul, Delousing Eastern Europe: German Bacteriology between Disinfection and Genocide (1999).
Weindling, Paul, Health, Race and German Politics between National Unification and Nazism, 1870–1945 (1989).
*Worboys, Michael, ‘Almroth Wright at Netley: Modern Medicine and the Military in Britain, 1892–1902’, in R. Cooter, M. Harrison & S. Sturdy (eds.), Medicine and Modern Warfare (1999), 77–98.

Week 8: Warfare and welfare

*Berridge, V., Webster, C. & Walt, G., ‘Mobilisation for Total Welfare, 1948 to 1974’, in Charles Webster (ed.), Caring for Health (1993), 107–25.
*Bourke, Joanna, Dismembering the Male: Men’s Bodies and the Great War (1996).
Bourke, Joanna, ‘The Experience of Medicine in Wartime’, in R. Cooter & J. Pickstone (eds.), The History of Medicine in the Twentieth Century (1999).
*Bryder, Linda, ‘The First World War: Healthy or Hungry?,’ History Workshop Journal, 24 (1987), 141–57.
Cohen, Deborah, ‘The War Come Home: Disabled Veterans in Great Britain and Germany’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1996).
*Davin, Anna, ‘Imperialism and Motherhood’, History Workshop, 5 (1978), 9–65.
*De Swaan, Abram, In Care of the State: Health Care, Education and Welfare in Europe and the USA in the Modern Era (1988).
*Dewey, P.E., ‘Nutrition and Living Standards in Wartime Britain’, in R. Wall & J. Winter (eds.), The Upheaval of War: Family, Work and Welfare in Europe, 1914–1918 (1988), 197–220.
*Diehl, James M., The Thanks of the Fatherland: German Veterans after the Second World War (1993).
Finlayson, G., Citizen, State and Social Welfare in Britain, 1830–1990 (1994).
*Harris, Bernard, ‘The Demographic Impact of the First World War: An Anthropometric Perspective’, Social History of Medicine, 6 (1993), 343–66.
Harris, Bernard, The Health of the School Child: A History of the School Medical Service in England and Wales (1995).
Harris, J., ‘Enterprise and Welfare States: A Comparative Perspective’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5^th ser., 40 (1991), 175–95.
Harris, J., ‘War and Social History: Britain and the Home Front during the Second World War’, Contemporary European History, 1 (1992), 17–35.
Harris, Ruth, ‘The “Child of the Barbarian”: Rape, Race and Nationalism in France during the First World War’, Past and Present, 141 (1993), 171–206.
Herrick, Claire, ‘The Broken Soldier, the Bonesetter and the Medical Profession: Manipulating Identities during the First World War’, in B. Taithe & T. Thornton (eds.), War: Identities in Conflict, 1300–2000 (1998), 173–92.
*Herschbach, Lisa, ‘Prosthetic Reconstructions: Making the Industry, Remaking the Body, Modelling the Nation’, History Workshop Journal, 44 (1997), 20–57.
Hutchinson, John, ‘World War I and the Control of Public Health’, in his The Cleansing Hurricane: Politics and Public Health in Revolutionary Russia, 1890–1918 (1990).
*Kelly, Patrick J., Creating a National Home: Building the Veteran’s Welfare State, 1860–1900 (1997).
Kimball, C.C., ‘The Ex-Service Movement in England and Wales, 1916–1930’ (Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, 1990).
*Koven, Seth, ‘Remembering and Dismemberment: Crippled Children, Wounded Soldiers, and the Great War in Great Britain’, American Historical Review, 44 (1994), 1167–202.
Marwick, Arthur (ed.), Total War and Social Change (1988).
Murard, Lion & Zylberman, Patrick, ‘L’ autre Guerre (1914–1918) la Santé publique en France sous l’oeil de l’Amerique’, Revue Historique, 206 (1986), 367–99.
*Panchasi, Roxanne, ‘Reconstructions: Prosthetics and the Rehabilitation of the Male Body in World War I France’, Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 7 (1995), 109–40.
*Pedersen, Susan, ‘Gender, Welfare and Citizenship in Britain during the Great War’, American Historical Review, 95 (1990), 983–1006.
*Prost, Antoine, In the Wake of War: ‘Les Anciens Combatants’ and French Society, 1914–1939 (1992).
Semmel, Bernard, Imperialism and Social Reform: English Social-Imperial Thought, 1895–1914 (1960).
*Skocpol, Theda, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States (1992).
*Smith, Harold L. (ed.), War and Social Change: British Society in the Second World War (1986).
Solomon, Susan G. & Hutchinson, John F. (eds.), Health and Society in Revolutionary Russia (1990).
*Swaan, Abram de, In Care of the State: Health Care, Education and Welfare in Europe and the USA in the Modern Era (1988).
*Titmuss, Richard, Problems of Social Policy (1950).
*Webster, Charles, The Health Services Since the War, Volume 1, Problems of Health Care: The National Health Service Before 1957 (1988).
*Whalen, R.W., Bitter Wounds: German Victims of the Great War, 1914–1939 (1984).
*Winter, Jay, The Great War and the British People (1986).
*Winter, Jay, ‘The Impact of the First World War on Civilian Health in Britain’, Economic History Review, 30 (1977), 487–503.
Winter, Jay & Robert, J-L., Capital Cities at War: Paris, London, Berlin, 1914–1919 (1997).
*Woloch, Isser, The French Veteran from the Revolution to the Restoration (1979).

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Medicine and Modern Warfare: Full bibliography