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Rubric
The origins and
development of the welfare state in European industrial democracies
from Bismarckian social insurance through the period of post World
War II expansion. The main theories for explaining the emergence
and developments of modern welfare state institutions. Trajectories
of welfare state developments in selected countries.
Description
The paper covers the emergence of the welfare state in the industrial
democracies up to, but not including, the present period of transition,
i.e. roughly from 1880 to1980. It covers the descriptive history
of welfare state developments, in particular in social security
and health care, with questions of difference and similarity between
countries and of continuity and discontinuity. It covers the main
theories for explaining welfare state expansion (charity/concession
from above, risk/insurance/market failure, power struggle from below).
Trajectories in selected countries will be considered in light of
the main theories of explanation.
Teaching
1. There will be a series of lectures, as listed below, which are
open to all students.
2. Students who take the paper as an examination paper are invited
to submit weekly essays, and are required to write at least four
(on the suggested topics or other topics by agreement). Essays must
be no more than 2 000 words, typed, and submitted in advance ON
PAPER to Professor Stein Ringen, St. Cross Building, Manor Road.
Essays will receive individual comments and be discussed in tutorial
seminars.
LECTURES
*= essay topics
| 1 |
The history of theories. How to explain the welfare state
Readings: Baldwin 1990, 1996, Briggs 1961, Goldthorpe 1991,
1997, Gough 1979, Korpi 1989, Mjøset 1997, O'Connor
1973, Offe 1984, Ragin 1987, Ringen 1987, Skocpol 1992, Thane
1996, de Swaan 1988, Wilensky 1975)
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| 2 |
The history of terminology. The origins and changing meanings
of main concepts: welfare, welfare state, social assistance,
social insurance, social security, universality, subsidiarity,
etc.
Readings: Ashford 1986, Briggs 1961, Coleman 1991,
Lødemel 1997, de Swaan 1998
*Explain and compare any two of the following concepts as
organising principles in welfare policy: universality, selectivity,
subsidiarity.
*Is the modern welfare state in stead of or in addition to
poor relief?
*Is Brigg's definition of 'welfare state' descriptive/realistic
or
normative/idealistic?
*Define and compare 'poor relief', 'social assistance', and
'social insurance'.
|
| 3 |
The chronology of the welfare state. What happened when
and where?
Readings: Ashford 1986, Flora 1985-86, Flora/Heidenheimer
1981, Heclo 1974, 1981, Rimlinger 1971)
*Explain Heclo's periodisation of the history of the welfare
state and discuss its robustness.
*Is the welfare state a step in a longer process of state
formation in Europe?
*How is the social insurance state different from the poor
relief state?
*How is the welfare state different from the social insurance
state?
|
| 4 |
The social insurance state. What was Bismarck up to?
Readings: Flora/Heidenheimer 1981, Kohler et al 1982,
Mommsen 1981, Piven/Cloward 1972, Rimlinger 1971)
*Which were Bismarck's motives behind his policy of compulsory
social insurance?
*Nation building and social insurance in Bismarck's policy.
*Does the modern welfare state 'regulate the poor'?
*Did Britain copy Germany in its social insurance policy -
how and why?
|
| 5. |
Universality and citizenship. What was Beveridge up to
and what happened in Britain?
Readings: Beveridge 1942, Bulmer/Rees 1996, Digby
1989, Frazer 1985, Heclo 1974, Lødemel 1997, Marshall
1963, Parker 1998)
*In what ways did, and it what ways did not, the Beveridge
model materialise in Britain?
*The concept of 'citizenship': historical origins and changing
meanings.
*The concept of 'universality': historical origins and changing
meanings.
*Health care in Britain is cheap and good. How did this come
about?
|
| 6. |
Scandinavian social democracy. Socialism through social
policy?
Readings: Baldwin 1990, 1996, Castles 1978, Esping-Andersen
1990, Korpi 1983, Heclo 1994, Tilton, 1990.
*Is there a social democratic model of the welfare state?
*Is there a social democratic theory of the welfare astate?
*What does Esping Andersen mean by 'decommodification' and
do his data/index support his typology?
|
| 7. |
Are services different? The case of health care
Readings: Webster 1998, Klein 2001, Porter 1999, Loudon
et.al. 1998, de Swaan 1988.
*How did public sanitation stimulate the idea of a welfare
state?
*How unique is the British National Health Service?
*The role of voluntary agencies in health care before and
after the NHS.
*Was the medical profession against the establishment of the
NHS?
|
| 8. |
The history of science: the origins of the British 'social
administration' tradition
Readings: Bulmer et al 1998, Marshall 1963, Titmuss 1950,
1963, 1968.
*What vision of social administration is implicit in Titmuss?
*The British 'social administration' tradition has no theoretical
basis in either history or social science. Discuss.
|
READINGS
- ASHFORD, D. E. 1986: The Emergence of the Welfare States. Blackwell.
- BALDWIN, P. 1990: The Politics of Social Solidarity. Cambridge
UP.
- BALDWIN, P. 1996: in B. Greve, ed.: Comparing Welfare Systems.
Macmillan.
- BEVERIDGE, W. 1942: Social Insurance and Allied Services. HMSO.
- BRIGGS, A. 1961: 'The Welfare State in Historical Perspective.'
European Journal of Sociology/Archives europeennes de sociologie.
- BULMER, M, J. LEWIS and D. PIACHAUD (eds.) 1998: The Goals of
Social Policy.
- BULMER, M. and A.M. REES (eds.) 1996: Citizenship Today: The
Contemporary relevance of T. H. Marshall. UCL Press.
- CASTLES, F. 1978: The Social Democratic Image of Society. Routledge
& Kegan Paul.
- COLEMAN, J.A. (ed.) 1991: One Hundred Years of Catholic Social
Thought. Orbis Books.
- DIGBY, A. 1989: British Welfare Policy: Workhouse to Workfare.
Faber.
- ESPING-ANDERSEN, G. 1990: The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism.
Polity Press.
- FLORA, P. (ed.) 1985-1986: Growth to Limits: The Western Welfare
States Since World War II, Vol. 1-V. de Gruyter.
- FLORA, P. and A. J. HEIDENHEIMER 1981: The Development of Welfare
States in Europe and America. Transaction.
- FRAZER. D. 1984: The Evolution of the British Welfare State
(2nd ed). Macmillan.
- GOLDTHORPE, J.H. 1991: 'The Uses of History in Sociology.' British
Journal of Sociology, 42:211-30.
- GOLDTHORPE, J.H. 1997: 'Current Issues in Comparative Macrosociology.'
Comparative Social Research, 16:1-26.
- GOUGH, I. 1979: The Political Economy of the Welfare State.
Macmillan.
- HECLO, H. 1974: Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden:
From Relief to Income Maintenance. Yale UP.
- HECLO, H. 1981: in Flora/Heindeheimer, op.cit..
- KLEIN; R. 2001: The New Politics of the National Health Service.
- KOHLER, P., H.F. ZACHER and M. PARTINGTON (eds.) 1982: The Evolution
of Social Insurance 1881-1981. St. Martin's Press.
- KORPI, W. 1983: The Democratic Class Struggle. Routledge &
Kegan Paul.
- KORPI, W. 1989: 'Power, politics, and State Autonomy in the
Development of Social Citizenship.' American Sociological Review,
54, no.3.
- LOUDON, I., J. HORDER and C. WEBSTER (eds.) 1998: General Practice
Under the National Health Service. Oxford UP.
- LØDEMEL, I. 1997: The Welfare Paradox: Income Maintenance
and Personal Services in Norway and Britain 1946-1966. Scandinavian
Univ. Press.
- MARSHALL, T.H. 1963: Class, Citizenship, and Social Development.
Univ. of Chicago Press.
- MJØSET, L. et.al. (eds.) 1997: Methodological Issues
in Comparative Social Science. JAI Press.
- MOMMSEN, W.S. (ed.) 1981: The Emergence of the Welfare State
in Britain and Germany. Croom Helm.
- O'CONNOR, J. 1973: The Fiscal Crisis of the State. New York:
St Martins Press.
- OFFE, C. 1984: Contradictions of the Welfare State. Hutchinson.
- PARKER, J. 1998. Citizenship. Macmillan.
- PIERSON, P. 1994: Dismantling the Welfare State. Cambridge UP.
- PIVEN, F. and R. CLOWARD 1972: Regulating the Poor. Tavistock.
- PORTER, D. 1999; Health, Civilisation and the State: A history
of public health. Routledge.
- RAGIN, C.C. 1987: The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative
and Quantitative Strategies. Univ. of California Press.
- RIMLINGER, G.V. 1971: Welfare Policy and Industrialisation in
Europe, America, and Russia. Wiley.
- RINGEN, S. 1987: The Possibility of Politics. OUP.
- SKOCPOL, T. 1992: Protecting Soldiers and Mothers. The Political
Origins of Social Policy in the United States. Harvard UP.
- de SWAAN, A. 1988: In Care of the State. Polity Press.
- THANE, P.1996: Foundations of the Welfare State. Longman.
- TILTON, T. 1990: The Political Theory of Swedish Social Democracy.
OUP.
- TITMUSS, R.M. 1950: Problems of Social Policy. London: HMSO.
- TITMUSS, R.M. 1963: Essays on the 'Welfare State'. George Allen
& Unwin.
- TITMUSS, R.M. 1968: Commitment to Welfare. George Allen &
Unwin.
- WEBSTER, C. 1998: The NHS: A Political History. OUP.
- WILENSKY, H. 1975: The Welfare State and Equality. Iniv. California
Press.
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